Pollen maps for the British Isles 5000 years ago

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1094) ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Clearance ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Western Ireland

Isopollen maps of Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Ulmus, Alnus, Corylus , and Tilia for 5000 B.P. are presented for the British Isles. The maps show the major geographical patterns in the pollen spectra. The data are subjected to principal components analysis, and the results emphasize the major gradients in the data. These divide northern and eastern Scotland and western Ireland from the rest of Britain, central Ireland from the rest of the British Isles, and northern and western England from southern and eastern England. Such patterns in the past pollen rain are considered to reflect past patterns in forest vegetation just prior to the onset of forest clearance by Neolithic man.

scholarly journals Landowner Motivations for Owning Woodland on the Tennessee Northern Cumberland Plateau

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon R. Kaetzel ◽  
Donald G. Hodges ◽  
J. Mark Fly
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cumberland Plateau ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Private Forestland ◽  
Nipf Landowners

Abstract There has been a dearth of evidence in recent years by which to assess what motivation landowners have for owning woodland. Only recently, in the past 5 years, has there been a fresh attempt to answer this question. It has become increasingly important to understand landowner motivations for owning woodland with the substantial increase of nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) landowners and the decreasing sizes of tracts of land. This report uses results of a 2005 survey on the Tennessee Northern Cumberland Plateau to assess what motivations landowners have for owning their woodland. Principal components analysis is used to assign motivation categories, and multinomial logistic regression is used to assess what characteristics classify landowners into their respective motivation categories. Results show that landowners can be classified into one of three motivation categories: privacy, utility, and heritage. This knowledge is beneficial to resource managers as they attempt to disseminate information to landowners on how to best achieve their objectives.

Development of a Scale to Measure Directive Guidance by Pharmacists

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1369-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gireesh V Gupchup ◽  
Alan P Wolfgang ◽  
Joseph Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Past ◽  
Components Analysis

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a questionnaire that can be used to measure directive guidance behaviors by pharmacists. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: The Purdue Pharmacist Directive Guidance (PPDG) scale was developed based on the directive guidance dimension of socially supportive behaviors, as described by Barrera and Ainlay. The final scale consists of 10 items. SUBJECTS: Individuals on the Walker Test Crew database who were 18 years of age or older and self-reported taking medications for asthma, hypertension, and/or diabetes in the past 3 months were eligible for inclusion. All data were collected through telephone interviews. A total of 464 contacts were made, resulting in 300 responses. DATA ANALYSIS: Principal components analysis was performed to determine the construct subscales of the PPDG. Internal consistency of the PPDG and its subscales was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlations. Pearson product-moment correlations of the PPDG with measures of family and friend support (FFS) and self-reported medication adherence were used to determine convergent validity. Spearman rank-order correlations of the PPDG with the total number of prescription medications as well as those for asthma, hypertension, and diabetes taken in the past 3 months were obtained. ANOVA and Student's t-tests were used to determine differences in PPDG across demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Principal components analysis yielded two subscales for the PPDG. These were named Instruction and Feedback and Goal Setting, based on their content. The PPDG scale had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86), and correlated positively and significantly with FFS (r = 0.27), giving some evidence of convergent validity. The PPDG scale and its subscales also had logically intuitive positive and significant correlations with the total number of prescription drugs taken in the past 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The PPDG is short and easy to administer, and showed validity and reliability. The PPDG scale should be useful in developing a better understanding of the process by which pharmacists influence healthcare outcomes, assessing variations in pharmaceutical care, and as a tool in identifying means of overcoming barriers to higher levels of pharmaceutical care.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

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