Development of pharmaceutical care tools for people living with HIV treated at a medium- and high-complexity hospital

The exposure of people living with HIV (PLHIV) to antiretrovirals (ARV) can cause significant adverse effects, contributing to their low adherence to treatment. The pharmacist can contribute to the optimization of PLHIV drug therapy through pharmacotherapeutic monitoring, favoring adherence to ARV therapy and, consequently, suppression of the viral load. The objective of the present study was to develop a pharmacotherapeutic monitoring routine for PLHIV in outpatient follow-up at a medium- and high-complexity hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. This is an experimental development project that consists of using knowledge from practical experience and research from the specialized literature to subsidize the structuring of a new service to support PLHIV. The work was divided into three parts: development of the necessary instruments for pharmaceutical care, elaboration of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for patient care, and testing of routines and work tools. The educational leaflets for patients and information boards were developed through a literature search, whereas the pharmaceutical documentation instruments and SOP were developed through adaptations of the Dáder Method. All work instruments were subjected to a test to evaluate the need for changes to improve the service.

Experiências de práticas de cuidado farmacêutico para pessoas surdas: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Educação no contexto da promoção e recuperação da saúde e prevenção de doenças é uma prática importante e contribui para a compreensão do paciente surdo sobre o seu processo de saúde-doença-cuidado. O objetivo dessa revisão é identificar experiências de inclusão envolvendo pessoas com surdez no âmbito das práticas de cuidados farmacêuticos. Para o desenvolvimento, considerou-se analisar as publicações indexadas de cinco bases de dados, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase e Pubmed. As combinações dos descritores constituíram-se pelos operadores booleanos AND e OR: ((Deaf OR Deafness OR “Hearing loss” [All Fields]) AND (Pharmaceutical Services [All Fields] OR Pharmaceutical Care [All Fields])) e ((Deaf OR Deafness OR “Hearing loss” [All Fields]) AND (“Pharmaceutical Services” [All Fields] OR “Pharmaceutical Care” [All Fields])). Foram analisados os artigos nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, no período de janeiro de 2011 a setembro de 2021. Os resultados das buscas contemplaram estudos do tipo transversal, qualitativo e quali-quantitativo. Os achados apontaram lacunas no que tange às experiências de farmacêuticos e/ou alunos de graduação em Farmácia sobre educação em saúde para surdos, onze artigos destacam sobre os serviços farmacêuticos. A barreira linguística é um desafio, que necessita ser superado, para que o paciente surdo consiga adquirir informações necessárias sobre a utilização de medicamentos e educação em saúde. Podemos concluir que existem estudos relevantes sobre a oferta e promoção de cuidados farmacêuticos para pessoas surdas, sendo essas estabelecidas em diferentes cenários.

Applying Communication Ethics to Pharmacy Students' Education

This chapter addresses the problem of applying communication ethics to pharmacy students' education. The purpose of the chapter is to stimulate reflection about the importance of teaching and integrating communication ethics in their curricula in order to make pharmacists capable of professional counselling to the patients by pharmaceutical care. Existing literature refers mainly of the effectiveness of teaching ethics in medical education, engineering, accounting, psychology, and business. There is little evidence about using this concept in the pharmacist's activity and their communication with the patients. Consequently, this chapter tries to provide an overview of how communication ethics can be integrated in the educational curricula for pharmacy students. It is the responsibility of the higher education institutions to offer to pharmacy students a modern, adequate, and upgraded curricula program to increase the communication skills of the future pharmacists.

The Sri Lankan Perspective of Implementing Clinical Pharmacy Services

Clinical Pharmacists provide pharmaceutical care to patients to ensure quality use of medicines and to improve patients’ quality of life. Although clinical pharmacy services have shown medication related benefits to patients, this service has still not been formerly established in Sri Lanka. This report is on the status of developing clinical pharmacy services in Sri Lanka as perceived by an academic who has been involved in teaching, research, and in the development of clinical pharmacy services in Sri Lanka. Keywords: Clinical pharmacy, Pharmacy education, Pharmaceutical care, Sri Lanka

A relevância da atenção farmacêutica no manejo de reações adversas no tratamento oncológico: uma revisão sistemática / The relevance of pharmaceutical care in the management of adverse reactions in oncologic treatment: a systematic review

Introdução: a atenção farmacêutica visa a melhoria da qualidade de vida do paciente, através de um modelo de prática profissional voltada à farmacoterapia inclusive em tratamentos oncológicos, dos quais muitas vezes são desconfortáveis para o paciente devido aos seus efeitos adversos. O profissional farmacêutico, dessa forma, tem o papel de tornar o tratamento menos oneroso para os pacientes.Objetivo: este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a importância da atenção farmacêutica no tratamento oncológico, relatando a importância do acompanhamento do profissional farmacêutico para adesão do tratamento e efeitos colaterais mais comuns relatados pelos pacientes. Metodologia: para alcançar os dados esperados será utilizado um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, através do método prisma, com artigos dos anos de 2015 a 2020. A atenção farmacêutica em usuários de tratamento oncológico, também proporciona orientações sobre as prescrições e esclarece as queixas e dúvidas técnicas referentes ao uso dos antineoplásicos. Desta forma, tem-se o intuito de demostrar que a presença do profissional farmacêutico na atenção ao paciente em tratamento oncológico visa essencialmente promover condutas de prevenção, promoção, reabilitação, recuperação, de forma segura e eficaz.Resultados: foram identificados ao todo identificados 233 trabalhos, sendo selecionados 22 trabalhos que correspondiam aos critérios de elegibilidade escolhidos. Os artigos foram divididos em relação à temática abordada respondendo os objetivos dispostos nessa pesquisa. Quanto as reações adversas reportadas por farmacêuticos, é observável a importância deste profissional devido seu conhecimento clínico em reconhecê-las e classificá-las em relação ao seu risco. O farmacêutico em maioria das intervenções aplicadas, obteve um grande sucesso em relação a melhora do tratamento do paciente e consequentemente qualidade de vida deste. A interação entre o farmacêutico e a equipe multiprofissional demonstrou-se ser de grande importância devido a facilidade de criar propostas de intervenção para os problemas relacionados a medicamentos identificados. Conclusão: o farmacêutico é um elemento crucial em oncologia quando se trata de identificar e reportar reações adversas de forma a otimizar tratamentos, diminuir desconforto e melhorar da qualidade de vida do paciente quando se há a comunicação ideal entre os profissionais da equipe oncológica.

ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS BY FOREIGN AND UKRAINIAN PHARMACIES WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF HOLISTIC MARKETING

digitalization of the pharmaceutical sector requires the use of modern marketing approaches to provide pharmacies with quality and safe pharmaceutical care within the holistic concept of marketing management. A promising direction of digital transformation of the retail market of medicines is the introduction of special mobile applications in the activities of pharmacies, which become a safe and accessible platform for the sale of medicines to the population. The main purpose of the study is to exercise the analysis of the features of pharmaceutical services provision using mobile applications to foreign and Ukrainian pharmacy chains. The study is based on the use of content analysis, analysis of electronic resources, system, and logical analysis, as well as of the modeling method. As the objects of the study, American pharmacy chains CVS Pharmacy and Walgreens, British Boots, and Lloyds Pharmacy were selected, as well as 10 pharmacy chains in Ukraine in terms of turnover in January-October 2020. It is revealed that the leading world leaders in the retail market of medicines have been using this digital tool in their marketing activities for a long time. Unlike domestic pharmacies, applications of foreign pharmacies additionally provide such services as online registration for testing and vaccination against COVID-19, additional opportunities for the visually impaired, drug disposal, and others. Among the studied Ukrainian pharmacy chains by market share, only a half have mobile applications with various functions, among the most developed mobile applications are “Like” from LLC “Apteka-Magnolia” (“Pharmacy-Magnolia”), "Pharmacy 911" and “Apteka Dobroho Dnia” (“Good Afternoon Pharmacy”). An integrated model of a mobile application of a modern pharmacy has been developed, aimed at effective interaction of all necessary functions to provide the population with high-quality, convenient, and available pharmaceutical care. Promising areas of further research are the justification of the feasibility of using certain functions of mobile applications, as well as other digital tools, such as pharmacy websites, social media pages within the concept of holistic marketing. The results of the study conducted may be useful to specialists in the pharmaceutical industry for use in practical pharmacy.

Analysis of the pharmaceutical care activities practiced by private homeopathic pharmacies located in Rio de Janeiro North Zone

The complexity of homeopathic treatment delegates to the Pharmacist the need and the responsibility of pharmaceutical care. This paper had the objective of verifying the practices of pharmaceutical care in homeopathy. The study was conducted in homeopathic pharmacies situated in Rio de Janeiro North Zone, during March and April, 2011, where 15 pharmacists were interviewed, with the help of a semi-open questionary self-administered. For the survey were investigated variables related to pharmaceutical: sex, age, nature of the institution where he graduated, having completed post-graduate and working ties. Information professionals for the pharmaceutical care were collected in 14 questions grouped into three areas: attitudes, perceptions and satisfaction. Attending the ethical aspects, the study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee of University Estácio de Sá. The results demonstrated that 33% of the pharmacists have less than 5 years of professional practice, and 53% are specialists graduated by the Hahnemann’s Institutite of Brasil. All Pharmacists claim to orient patients, mostly during dispensation and through phone contacts. Most pharmacists oriented patients passively and actively. The elderly were pointed as the ones, who most often sought orientation. During dispensation of homeopathic drugs, all patients elicit some orientation. 67% of the pharmacies keep material for pharmaceutical guidance to the patients, usually leaflets. The verbal and written orientation was predominanted on homeopathic pharmacist. Posology and instructions of use for the pharmaceutical form dispensed were described as the most common doubts of the patients. Of all pharmacists interviewed, 67% pointed to self-medication practices in the pharmacy. The questions which measure the position and perception of the pharmacists related to pharmaceutical assistance scored over 3. The question which scored higher was related to the patient trust regarding the pharmacist guidance. We concluded that there was a mobilization on the pharmacists side to overcome obstacles and focus on the patient through the practices of pharmaceutical care.

Pharmaceutical care in medical homeopathic service in public health in Jundiaí (SP), Brazil

Pharmaceutical care is a concept already well established, but its application presents difficulties in homeopathy since homeopathic medicines have no the same indications as traditional drug classes. In recent decades the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacy presented a major development in the area of Pharmacotechnics, exemplified by the creation of local and national associations, the publication of technical texts and the fact that homeopathic medicines are, almost entirely, manipulated in pharmacies. It is also important to develop a pharmaceutical care in homeopathy, optimizing the activities of the medical homeopath and extending the service to the population. For two years, in a medical education and clinical service conducted at the Medical Faculty of Jundiaí, and supported by the Public Medical Service (SUS), three pharmacists and one pharmacy student, were responsible for pre and post consultation and dispensing of medicines. The objectives of this paper are to document the activities of pharmaceutical care, in order to encourage the activities of pharmacists in homeopathy. We developed a form for interviews as a pre-consultations. In the first consultation, it was used to record the identification data of the patient, the symptoms that brought him to the consultation, information about the presence of several physicians in the consultation and about the homeopathic treatment. In subsequent consultations, it was used to investigate the changes that have occurred since the last visit to the service. In post-consultation, the dispensation of the medication was done, with information about its use and conservation. The forms were given to the physicians and kept for future reference along with the clinical records of patients. As a result there was a positive reaction on the part of patients, probably because they felt more confident and instructed about the homeopathic treatment. The physicians referred in a positive manner about the help of pharmacists. Pharmacists have the opportunity to closely follow the changes in the health of patients, verifying the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. The relationship between doctors and pharmacists developed in a positive way. Unfortunately, despite numerous cases of improvement of patients' symptoms, as well as its appreciation for homeopathic care, homeopathic service ended abruptly in the first half of 2011 due to lack of support from the Medical Faculty and public health service of that municipality, demonstrating once again the fragility of homeopathic services.