scholarly journals Evolutionary inheritance of elemental stoichiometry in phytoplankton

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1705) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Quigg ◽  
Andrew J. Irwin ◽  
Zoe V. Finkel
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
Elemental Stoichiometry ◽  
Trace Elemental ◽  
History Of ◽  
Freshwater Environments

The elemental composition of phytoplankton is a fusion of the evolutionary history of the host and plastid, resulting in differences in genetic constraints and selection pressures associated with environmental conditions. The evolutionary inheritance hypothesis predicts similarities in elemental composition within related taxonomic lineages of phytoplankton. To test this hypothesis, we measured the elemental composition (C, N, P, S, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Cd and Mo) of 14 phytoplankton species and combined these with published data from 15 more species from both marine and freshwater environments grown under nutrient-replete conditions. The largest differences in the elemental profiles of the species distinguish between the prokaryotic Cyanophyta and primary endosymbiotic events that resulted in the green and red plastid lineages. Smaller differences in trace element stoichiometry within the red and green plastid lineages are consistent with changes in trace elemental stoichiometry owing to the processes associated with secondary endosymbioses and inheritance by descent with modification.

scholarly journals On the Short Time Scale Evolutionary History of the Contact Binary VW Cephei

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-396
Author(s):  
I. Pustylnik
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Flare Activity ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Contact Binary ◽  
Elongation Phase ◽  
Short Time

We study the short-time evolutionary history of the well-known contact binary VW Cep. Our analysis is based partly on the numerous UBV lightcurves obtained at Tartu Observatory, IUE spectra, and samples from the published data. Special attention is given to the effects of asymmetry of the light curves. A higher degree of asymmetry outside the eclipses along with the significant displacements of the brightness maxima in respect to the elongation phase is interpreted as evidence that a considerable portion of the flaring source is concentrated close to the neck connecting the components. We discuss the nature of asymmetry in terms of possible mass exchange and the flare activity and compare the results of our model computations with the record of orbital period variations over the last 60 years.

scholarly journals Gaia: A Stereoscopic Census of Our Galaxy

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 816-816
Author(s):  
T. Prusti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Subsequent Evolution ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Space Astrometry ◽  
Modern Astronomy

AbstractGaia is a space astrometry mission, a broad survey project following the measurement and operational principles of Hipparcos. It will help solving one of the most difficult yet deeply fundamental challenges in modern astronomy: to create an extraordinarily precise three-dimensional map of about one billion stars throughout our Galaxy and beyond. In the process, it will map their three-dimensional motions, which encode the origin and subsequent evolution of the Galaxy. Through comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic classification, it will provide the detailed physical properties of each star observed: characterising their luminosity, temperature, gravity, and elemental composition. This massive stellar census will provide the basic observational data to tackle an enormous range of important problems related to the origin, structure, and evolutionary history of our Galaxy.

scholarly journals Differences in morphological and physiological leaf characteristics between Tabebuia aurea and T. impetiginosa is related to their typical habitats of occurrence

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pfrimer Capuzzo ◽  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto ◽  
Augusto César Franco
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Gallery Forests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Mass Basis

The genus Tabebuia is representative of the Cerrado biome, occurring in savanna and forest formations. These vegetation types are associated with distinct environmental conditions in terms of water availability, microclimate and soil properties. We compared morphological and physiological traits between Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore, which is typical of the savanna vegetation, and T. impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl, which is commonly found in the gallery forests that occur along streams and rivers. Both were sampled in savanna conditions under full sun. The savanna species had higher values of leaf and petiole thickness, specific leaf mass, maximum CO2 assimilation on a leaf area basis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and in leaf concentration of carotenoids. The forest species stood out by higher values of specific leaf area, petiole length and of CO2 assimilation on a mass basis, parameters related to shade tolerance and higher growth rates. This functional distinction in a range of leaf traits that was maintained when both were naturally growing under similar environmental conditions, suggests that these are probably the result of differences in the evolutionary history of the two species in response to the contrasting environmental conditions in the typical habitats where they occur.

scholarly journals High density genome scan for selection signatures in French sheep reveals allelic heterogeneity and introgression at adaptive loci

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Marie Rochus ◽  
Flavie Tortereau ◽  
Florence Plisson-Petit ◽  
Gwendal Restoux ◽  
Carole Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Southern Population ◽  
Selection Signatures ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractSheep was one of the first domesticated livestock species in the Anatolia region of contemporary Iran and eventually spread world-wide. Previous studies have shown that French sheep populations likely harbour a large part of European domesticated sheep diversity in a relatively small geographical region, offering a powerful model for the study of adaptation. We studied the diversity of 27 French sheep populations by genotyping 542 individuals for more than 500 000 SNPs. We found that French sheep breeds were divided into two main groups, corresponding to northern and southern origins and additionally we identified admixture events between northern and southern populations. The genetic diversity of domesticated animals results from adaptation of populations to constraints imposed by farmers and environmental conditions. We identified 126 genomic regions likely affected by selection. In many cases, we found evidence for parallel selection events in different genetic backgrounds, most likely for different mutations. Some of these regions harbour genes potentially involved in morphological traits (SOCS2, NCAPG/LCORL, MSRB3), coat colour (MC1R) and adaptation to environmental conditions (ADAMTS9). Closer inspection of two of these regions clarified their evolutionary history: at the LCORL/NCAPG locus we found evidence for introgression of an adaptive allele from a southern population into northern populations and by resequencing MC1R in some breeds we confirmed different mutations in this gene are responsible for the same phenotypic trait. Our study illustrates how dense genetic data in multiple populations allows the deciphering of evolutionary history of populations and of their adaptive mutations.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Disentangling the role of shared ancestry and the environment on leaf stable isotopes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko J. Spasojevic ◽  
Sören Weber1
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Shared Ancestry

Stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes in plants are important indicators of plant water use efficiency and N acquisition strategies. While often regarded as being under environmental control, there is growing evidence that evolutionary history may also shape variation in stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) among plant species. Here we examined patterns of foliar δ13C and δ15N in alpine tundra for 59 species in 20 plant families. To assess the importance of environmental controls and evolutionary history, we examined if average δ13C and δ15N predictably differed among habitat types, if individual species exhibited intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in δ13C and δ15N, and if there were a significant phylogenetic signal in δ13C and δ15N. We found that variation among habitat types in both δ13C and δ15N mirrored well-known patterns of water and nitrogen limitation. Conversely, we also found that 40% of species exhibited no ITV in δ13C and 35% of species exhibited no ITV in δ15N, suggesting that some species are under stronger evolutionary control. However, we only found a modest signal of phylogenetic conservatism in δ13C and no phylogenetic signal in δ15N suggesting that shared ancestry is a weaker driver of tundra wide variation in stable isotopes. Together, our results suggest that both evolutionary history and local environmental conditions play a role in determining variation in δ13C and δ15N and that considering both factors can help with interpreting isotope patterns in nature and with predicting which species may be able to respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions.

History of diatom studies in sphagnum bogs of Russia and some adjacent countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
M. S. Kulikovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Published Data ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
History Of

Main trends of diatom studies in Sphagnum bogs of Russia and adjacent countries are shown. On the basis of published data, making use of modern taxonomical changes, the taxonomical list of diatoms from the considered Sphagnum bogs is presented.

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