I. On the thermal effects of fluids in motion

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 41-42
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Porous Material ◽  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Great Depression ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Resisting Medium ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Elastic Fluids

A very great depression of temperature has been remarked by some observers when steam of high pressure issues from a small orifice into the open air. After the experiments we have made on the rush of air in similar circumstances, it could not he doubted that a great elevation of temperature of the issuing steam might be observed as well as the great depression usually supposed to be the only result. The method to obtain the entire thermal effect is obviously that which we have already employed in our experiments on permanently elastic fluids, viz. to transmit the steam through a porous material and to ascertain its temperature as it enters into and issues from the resisting medium. We have made a preliminary experiment of this kind which may be sufficiently interesting to place on record before proceeding to obtain more exact numerical results.

scholarly journals On the thermal effects of elastic fluids

1854 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 331-332
Keyword(s):  
Porous Material ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Steam Engine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Elastic Fluid ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
Elastic Fluids

The authors had already proved by experiments conducted on a small scale, that when dry atmospheric air, exposed to pressure, is made to percolate a plug of non-conducting porous material, a depression of temperature takes place increasing in some proportion with the pressure of the air in the receiver. The numerous sources of error which were to be apprehended in experiments of this kind conducted on a small scale, induced the authors to apply for the means of executing them on a larger scale; and the present paper contains the introductory part of their researches with apparatus furnished by the Royal Society, comprising a force pump worked by a steam-engine and capable of propelling 250 cubic inches of air per second, and a series of tubes by which the elastic fluid is conveyed through a bath of water, by which its temperature is regulated, a flange at the terminal permitting the attachment of any nozle which is desired.

Remaking the Heartland

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wuthnow
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Objective Observer ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Middle West

For many Americans, the Middle West is a vast unknown. This book sets out to rectify this. It shows how the region has undergone extraordinary social transformations over the past half-century and proven itself surprisingly resilient in the face of such hardships as the Great Depression and the movement of residents to other parts of the country. It examines the heartland's reinvention throughout the decades and traces the social and economic factors that have helped it to survive and prosper. The book points to the critical strength of the region's social institutions established between 1870 and 1950—the market towns, farmsteads, one-room schoolhouses, townships, rural cooperatives, and manufacturing centers that have adapted with the changing times. It focuses on farmers' struggles to recover from the Great Depression well into the 1950s, the cultural redefinition and modernization of the region's image that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, the growth of secondary and higher education, the decline of small towns, the redeployment of agribusiness, and the rapid expansion of edge cities. Drawing arguments from extensive interviews and evidence from the towns and counties of the Midwest, the book provides a unique perspective as both an objective observer and someone who grew up there. It offers an accessible look at the humble yet strong foundations that have allowed the region to endure undiminished.

The Great Depression: past and present

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Horn
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
The Great Depression
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