scholarly journals VII. The exact histological localisation of the visual area of the human cerebral cortex

1900 ◽  
Vol 193 (185-193) ◽  
pp. 165-222 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
County Council ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
Sensory Area ◽  
University College ◽  
Cortex Cerebri

The object of the present paper is to define by histological methods the exact limitations of the visuo-sensory area of the human cortex cerebri. The investigation to be described has occupied upwards of three years. It was commenced during the summer of 1896 in the pathological laboratory of the County Asylum, Rainhill, Lancashire; it was continued during the next three years in the physiological laboratory of Mason University College, Birmingham; and it has been completed in the pathological laboratory of the London County Council at Claybury. Owing to the remarkable facilities for research granted to workers in the last-named laboratory, it has been possible to bring this investigation to a much more rapid conclusion than would otherwise have been possible. A general summary of the paper follows this introduction, and it is succeeded for convenience of reference by a list of the sections into which the paper is divided.

scholarly journals The exact histological localisation of the visual area of the human cerebral cortex

1901 ◽  
Vol 67 (435-441) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Cell Form ◽  
Calcarine Cortex

The previous research concerning the human visual area has been carried out in three directions. (1) The study of lesions causing blindness. (2) The study of the myelination of the corona radiata. (3) The histological examination of “occipital” or “calcarine” cortex as regards— ( a ) Cell form. ( b ) Subdivision of this variety of cortex into layers. ( c ) The modifications caused in ( a ) and ( b ) by long-standing blindness.

The Exact Histological Localisation of the Visual Area of the Human Cerebral Cortex. (Phil. Trans. B. vol. cxciii, pp. 165—222, 1900.) Bolton, T. S.

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (200) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
W. H. B. Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Enormous Amount

The work, which has led to the production of this excellent monograph, has occupied the author for three years. It has finally been brought to a conclusion at Claybury, and is one of the best pieces of work which has yet hailed from that laboratory. Dr. Bolton has bestowed an enormous amount of industry and care upon his work, and it is a difficult task to do justice to it in an epitome.

scholarly journals Connectivity of the Cingulate Sulcus Visual Area (CSv) in the Human Cerebral Cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Smith ◽  
Anton L. Beer ◽  
Michele Furlan ◽  
Rogier B. Mars
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex

scholarly journals XI. An investigation into the functions of the occipital and temporal lobes of the monkey's brain

1888 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 303-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Neurological Society ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Preceding Winter

The experiments which we here record were performed during the preceding winter and spring in the physiological laboratory of University College, but their formal publication has been hitherto deferred because we were desirous of keeping some of the animals in which the lesions had been established under observation during several months, in order that any modification which that lapse of time might produce in the symptoms should be duly recorded. But, although not hitherto published, several of the cases, while still under such observation, have been brought before the notice of both the Physiological and the Neurological Society of London, and have been examined at different times by various persons interested in the subject of cerebral localisation, besides being familiar to the regular workers in the laboratory. In this way we have repeatedly had the opportunity of showing most of the symptoms which we are about to record, nor have we inserted any detail as to the accuracy of which there could, to an unbiased mind, be the slightest doubt. All our experiments have been performed with the view of establishing certain lesions, uni- or bi-lateral, embracing definite areas of the cerebral cortex; and they have been confined, or nearly so, to the occipital and temporal lobes. In the performance of the operations strict antiseptic precautions were employed, the dressings being fixed by a collodion cap. On the fourth or fifth day after the operation this cap and the dressings were removed, and in every case the wound was found to be completely closed, the edges of the skin being closely united, no sign of meningitis nor of any septic mischief being at any time perceptible. In one exceptional case, however, in which the antiseptic precautions had, from over confidence, been relaxed, the asepticism was incomplete, and sloughing of the skin over the seat of operation resulted, so that the animal had to be killed within a few days of the performance of the operation. This case will be mentioned in due course.

The Postnatal Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Volume III; The Cortex of the Three-Month Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-506
Author(s):  
ALLAN M. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Horizontal Layer ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Voluntary Activity ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Number Of Cells

This is the third volume of Dr. Conel's unique monographic series which extends his meticulous microscopic study of the development of the human cortex to three months of age. It presents in detail the histologic criteria of development by which comparison may be made of brains of the same or different ages or of various areas within the cortex of one brain. The criteria are: 1. width of entire cortex and of each horizontal layer; 2. number of cells; 3. size of nerve cells; 4. condition of the chromophil substance ; 5. neurofibrils ; 6. size, compactness of structure (including varicosities), and length of processes of nerve cells; 7. pedunculated bulbs; 8. size and quantiy of exogenous fibers; and 9, state of myelination. The manifestations of growth and development of the cerebral cortex by these criteria correlate with observations on the progression of voluntary activity in infants.

scholarly journals Quantification of cortical neurons: a neuroanatomical myth in neuroscience

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-035
Author(s):  
J. Parra ◽  
J. Aguirre ◽  
F. Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cerebral Cortical Neurons ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Value Changes

AbstractThe objective was to analyze whether there was a definite number of cerebral cortical neurons for humans. Methodology: data was examined for the total number of brain neurons in the literature related to the field of neuroscience. This suggested that the human cerebral cortex has a large number of neurons whose value changes with the life cycle due to several factors that lead to have an indefinite number. Discussion: an analysis based on the literature showed the main factors influencing the total number of cortical neurons such as neurogenesis, apoptosis during life cycle, gender and pathological conditions. The inconsistent assessment of the number of neurons in the human cortex has been discussed by several authors, emphasizing that the values that have been displayed in the literature are presumably uncertain and are based on the views of some authors or the conceptions of others without carrying out replicable scientific studies. The above described has exhibited variable and inconsistent values in different texts about this issue. It has been concluded that the total number of cortical neurons varies due to diverse factors that play a role in determining the number of neurons in the human cerebral cortex.

C-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 Proteins Expression Patterns in Human Cerebral Cortex Neurons after Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233
Author(s):  
Svetlana P. Sergeeva ◽  
Aleksey V. Lyundup ◽  
Valery V. Beregovykh ◽  
Petr F. Litvitskiy ◽  
Aleksey A. Savin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Contralateral Hemisphere ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Fos Protein ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Indirect Immunoperoxidase

Background. The search for protein (these include c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1) expression that provide neuroplasticity mechanisms of the cerebral cortex after ischemic stroke (IS) patterns is an urgent task. Aims to reveal c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 proteins expression patterns in human cerebral cortex neurons after IS. Materials and methods. We studied 9 left middle cerebral artery (LMCA) IS patients cerebral cortex samples from 3 zones: 1 the zone adjacent to the necrotic tissue focus; 2 zone remote from the previous one by 47 cm; 3 zone of the contralateral hemisphere, symmetric to the IS focus. Control samples were obtained from 3 accident died people. Identification of targeted proteins NSE, c-fos, ERK1/2, MAP2, NOTCH1 was performed by indirect immunoperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Results. Moving away from the ischemic focus, there is an increase in the density of neurons and a decrease in the damaged neurons proportion, the largest share of c-fos protein positive neurons in zone 2, NOTCH1 positive neurons in zone 1, smaller fractions of ERK1/2 and MAP2 positive neurons compared to the control only in samples of zone 1. Conclusions. With the IS development, the contralateral hemisphere is intact tissue increased activation zone, while the zones 1 and 2 have pathological activation signs. In zone 1 of the range, the adaptive response of the tissue decreases, and in zone 2 it expands. Therefore, a key target for therapeutic intervention is zone 2.

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