scholarly journals XI. An investigation into the functions of the occipital and temporal lobes of the monkey's brain

1888 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 303-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Neurological Society ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Preceding Winter

The experiments which we here record were performed during the preceding winter and spring in the physiological laboratory of University College, but their formal publication has been hitherto deferred because we were desirous of keeping some of the animals in which the lesions had been established under observation during several months, in order that any modification which that lapse of time might produce in the symptoms should be duly recorded. But, although not hitherto published, several of the cases, while still under such observation, have been brought before the notice of both the Physiological and the Neurological Society of London, and have been examined at different times by various persons interested in the subject of cerebral localisation, besides being familiar to the regular workers in the laboratory. In this way we have repeatedly had the opportunity of showing most of the symptoms which we are about to record, nor have we inserted any detail as to the accuracy of which there could, to an unbiased mind, be the slightest doubt. All our experiments have been performed with the view of establishing certain lesions, uni- or bi-lateral, embracing definite areas of the cerebral cortex; and they have been confined, or nearly so, to the occipital and temporal lobes. In the performance of the operations strict antiseptic precautions were employed, the dressings being fixed by a collodion cap. On the fourth or fifth day after the operation this cap and the dressings were removed, and in every case the wound was found to be completely closed, the edges of the skin being closely united, no sign of meningitis nor of any septic mischief being at any time perceptible. In one exceptional case, however, in which the antiseptic precautions had, from over confidence, been relaxed, the asepticism was incomplete, and sloughing of the skin over the seat of operation resulted, so that the animal had to be killed within a few days of the performance of the operation. This case will be mentioned in due course.

scholarly journals VII. The exact histological localisation of the visual area of the human cerebral cortex

1900 ◽  
Vol 193 (185-193) ◽  
pp. 165-222 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
County Council ◽  
Visual Area ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Human Cortex ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
Sensory Area ◽  
University College ◽  
Cortex Cerebri

The object of the present paper is to define by histological methods the exact limitations of the visuo-sensory area of the human cortex cerebri. The investigation to be described has occupied upwards of three years. It was commenced during the summer of 1896 in the pathological laboratory of the County Asylum, Rainhill, Lancashire; it was continued during the next three years in the physiological laboratory of Mason University College, Birmingham; and it has been completed in the pathological laboratory of the London County Council at Claybury. Owing to the remarkable facilities for research granted to workers in the last-named laboratory, it has been possible to bring this investigation to a much more rapid conclusion than would otherwise have been possible. A general summary of the paper follows this introduction, and it is succeeded for convenience of reference by a list of the sections into which the paper is divided.

scholarly journals Obituary notices of fellows deceased

1912 ◽  
Vol 84 (575) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Medical Officer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Teacher ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
The Subject

Sydney Ringer, who died at Lastingham, in Yorkshire, on October 14, 1910, was the son of John and Harriet Ringer, of Norwich, where he was born in 1835. He was educated at private schools, and at the age of 19 entered, as a medical student, University College, London, with which institution he was to remain connected during the remainder of his active life. At the hospital connected with that school he was successively House Physician, Resident Medical Officer (1861), Assistant Physician (1863), full Physician (1866), and Consulting Physician (on his retirement in 1900); and in the Faculty of Medicine of University College he held successively the chairs of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, of Medicine and of Clinical Medicine. The School of Medicine with which Ringer was associated has produced many distinguished clinicists, but it may be safely affirmed that it has produced no better clinical teacher than the subject of this memoir. It was not, however, on the ground of his clinical reputation that Ringer was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and it is not in the notices of this Society that his eminence as a clinicist need be accentuated. For Ringer was more than a great physician, much as that may mean: he was a scientific enquirer. His bent in that direction showed itself early, for even while still a student of medicine he presented a paper to the Royal Society, “On the Alteration of the Pitch of Sound by Conduction through different Media,” and others to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society on Metabolism in Disease. These were followed by an investigation (conducted jointly with A. P. Stuart) into the diurnal variations of temperature in the human body, which was, however, not published in full until 1878. The subject of this enquiry, from its bearing on the variations of temperature in fever, never lost interest for him. But his appointment to the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics directed his attention towards the action of medicinal substances and agencies. His experiences of their action on the human body he embodied in his well-known ‘Handbook of Therapeutics,' of which a very large number of editions have appeared; no more thoroughly practical handbook of treatment has probably ever been written. Ringer, however, recognised that it is necessary for the understanding of the action of remedies in disease for their action in health first to be determined, and that, to comprehend their effects upon the body generally, their influence upon the individual organs and tissues must be understood. There was then no laboratory of pharmacology in London, but he found the opportunity for carrying out researches of this nature in the Physiological Laboratory of University College, where a place was always at his disposal. Here, in the intervals of a busy consulting practice, he carried out the remarkable series of researches on the action of various salts upon the tissues, and especially upon the muscular tissue of the heart, which resulted in the recognition of the influence exerted by simple inorganic constituents of the blood in maintaining the activity of the living tissues—an influence which had remained obscure, in spite of the elaborate series of researches of the same nature which were conducted in the famous Physiological Laboratory of Leipzig and elsewhere.

scholarly journals II. The influence of the cerebral cortex on the larynx

1896 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 59-81
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
University College ◽  
The Subject

I have much pleasure in thanking Professor Victor Horsley for allowing me to conduct the experiments which form the subject of this paper at the Pathological Laboratory of University College. It has always appeared to me contrary to the best established facts with regard to the cerebral localisation of motor processes that some abduction of the vocal cords should not be represented in the cerebral cortex. That abduction should be less powerfully represented in the cortex than adduction seemed clear, but that there should be no centre at all to subserve this function in the cerebral cortex seemed strange. I therefore decided to test the matter on the lines suggested to me by Dr. Hughlings Jackson in connection with a recent investigation of eye movements, when, after excluding the possibility of the lateral movements of the eyes to the opposite side from the hemisphere stimulated taking place, by dividing the muscles which bring about these movements, I found that it was possible to evoke many other movements of the eyes which hitherto could not be obtained. The conclusion which appeared warranted by these results was that the lateral movements of the eyes are so powerfully represented in the cerebral cortex that they overpower all other movements under normal circumstances.

Lantern Demonstration of Gross Lesions of the Cerebrum

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (199) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Shaw Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pyramidal Layer ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Morbid Conditions

This demonstration was a further report on the subject laid before the Association at the meeting at Claybury in February last, viz., the morbid changes occurring in the brain and other intra-cranial contents in amentia and dementia. In a paper read before the Royal Society in the spring of 1900, and subsequently published in the Philosophical Transactions, it was stated, as the result of a systematic micrometric examination of the visuo-sensory (primary visual) and visuo-psychic (lower associational) regions of the cerebral cortex, that the depth of the pyramidal layer of nerve-cells varies with the amentia or dementia existing in the patient. At the meeting of the Association referred to it was further shown, from an analysis, clinical and pathological, of 121 cases of insanity which appeared consecutively in the post-mortem room at Claybury, that the morbid conditions inside the skull-cap in insanity, viz., abnormalities in the dura mater, the pia arachnoid, the ependyma and intra-cranial fluid, etc., are the accompaniments of and vary in degree with dementia alone, and are independent of the duration of the mental disease. Since that date the pre-frontal (higher associational) region has been systematically examined in nineteen cases, viz., normal persons and normal aments (infants), and cases of amentia, of chronic and recurrent insanity without appreciable dementia, and of dementia, and the results obtained form the subject of the present demonstration. A paper on the whole subject will shortly be published in the Archives of the Claybury Laboratory.

Temporal Lobe Syndromes

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-135
Author(s):  
Arpit Parmar ◽  
G. S. Kaloiya ◽  
Harsimarpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Common

Temporal lobes are one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex and perform a complex array of interrelated functions. They play an important role in various day-to-day functioning. The common pathologies leading to isolated temporal lobe dysfunction are infarction (of the middle cerebral artery), hemorrhage, seizures, tumors, encephalitis, and traumatic brain injury. Temporal lobe syndromes include a wide array of various neurological (Kluver-Bucy syndrome, Geschwind Gastaut syndrome, etc.), elementary (e.g., vertiginous syndromes, hallucinations, etc.), neuropsychiatric (e.g., anxiety, agitation, aggression, etc.), and cognitive (e.g., Korsakoff amnesia, cortical deafness, etc.) disorders. The presentation depends on a multitude of factors including involvement of dominant or non-dominant lobe. Left temporal lobe involvement usually leads to various forms of aphasia while right side involvement leads to more covert and varied syndromes. In this chapter, the authors discuss the anatomy of the temporal lobe, its functional aspects, and various syndromes of temporal lobe dysfunction.

IX. On the life-history of spirillum

1878 ◽  
Vol 27 (185-189) ◽  
pp. 481-485
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

Notwithstanding the numerous and fruitful researches which have been recently made into the life-history of Bacteria, our knowledge of the common and interesting curved and spiral forms— the Vibrio and Spirillum of Ehrenberg—has made little or no advance since his time, neither embryonic nor reproductive forms having ever been observed; while even the zooglœa phase, so characteristic of Bacterium and Bacillus, has only once been mentioned, and then in a different form. A fresh-water aquarium, which has been stagnating since last summer in the Physiological Laboratory of University College, con­tained in winter vast numbers of ordinary motile Spirillum. On recently re-examining the water, one zooglœa film after another having in the meantime formed on the surface, thickened, broken, and sunk, we found that these motile forms had almost disappeared, while the films consisted almost entirely of resting Spirillum in a gelatinous-looking matrix, similar to that of Bacterium and Bacillus . Among these were two or three apparently distinct kinds of filaments, some resting and colourless, others motile, and filled with highly refracting bright yellowish-brown spheres. Such a field is represented in fig. 1.

scholarly journals Arthur Mannering Tyndall, 1881-1961

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
The Subject ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Outstanding Teacher

Arthur Mannering Tyndall was a man who played a leading part in the establishment of research and teaching in physics in one of the newer universities of this country. His whole career was spent in the University of Bristol, where he was Lecturer, Professor and for a while Acting ViceChancellor, and his part in guiding the development of Bristol from a small university college to a great university was clear to all who knew him. He presided over the building and development of the H. H. Wills Physical Laboratory, and his leadership brought it from its small beginnings to its subsequent achievements. His own work, for which he was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society, was on the mobility of gaseous ions. Arthur Tyndall was born in Bristol on 18 September 1881. He was educated at a private school in Bristol where no science was taught, except a smattering of chemistry in the last two terms. Nonetheless he entered University College, obtaining the only scholarship offered annually by the City of Bristol for study in that college and intending to make his career in chemistry. However, when brought into contact with Professor Arthur Chattock, an outstanding teacher on the subject, he decided to switch to physics; he always expressed the warmest gratitude for the inspiration that he had received from him. He graduated with second class honours in the external London examination in 1903. In that year he was appointed Assistant Lecturer, was promoted to Lecturer in 1907, and became Lecturer in the University when the University College became a university in 1909. During this time he served under Professor A. P. Chattock, but Chattock retired in 1910 at the age of 50 and Tyndall became acting head of the department. Then, with the outbreak of war, he left the University to run an army radiological department in Hampshire.

scholarly journals Pythagoras of Rhegion and the Early Athlete Statues

1881 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 332-351
Author(s):  
Charles Waldstein
Keyword(s):  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Common Object ◽  
Classical Archaeology ◽  
University College ◽  
University College London ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

Since what I last wrote on the subject of Pythagoras of Rhegion in this Journal, much evidence has accumulated to verify what was then brought forward in a more or less hypothetical form. I was greatly encouraged to carry on this research by the sympathetic criticism of archaeologists both published and privately communicated, but all, with one slight exception, evidently written with the view of facilitating an increase of information, of advancing the common object—the study of classical archaeology. Among the published criticisms, I have received the greatest stimulus to continue my research from the reports of a lecture delivered by Professor C. T. Newton at University College, London, in January of this year; and, among the unpublished, a letter from Professor Michaelis with a full and detailed criticism; while the fact that in the Berlin Museum of Casts the ‘Apollo’ is now entirely severed from the ‘Omphalos,’ and that, in the new catalogue of the Museum of Casts at Munich the words ‘nicht zugehörigen,’ are inserted into the phrase ‘Apollo auf dem Omphalos’ is the most important of confirmations I have received from without: for, it was the possible, and formerly firmly maintained, association of the statue with the omphalos as its base that I felt to be the only positive evidence against my hypothetical assumption.

Conversaziones, 1965

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Keyword(s):  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
University College ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

CONVERS AZIONES were held on 13 May and 24 June. In both the application of science in the treatment of hospital patients was the subject of a number of exhibits. Two aspects of the possible use of automation in hospitals were demonstrated in a most interesting manner. Mr H. S. Wolff, Mr A. J. Solman and Mr M. Rosenthal of the National Institute for Medical Research, London, Dr P. J. D. Heaf of the University College Hospital, London, and T. E. M. Instruments Limited, Crawley, Sussex, arranged an exhibit on patient monitoring, a system devised to acquire physiological data automatically from a hospital patient. Dr F. V. Flynn and Mr K. A. Piper of the Department of Clinical Pathology, University College Hospital, London, and Elliott Medical Automation Limited, London, showed a system of automatic processing of the graphic information of chemical analyses produced by ‘Auto Analyzers’.

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