scholarly journals Synergistic interaction between fungal cell wall degrading enzymes and different antifungal compounds enhances inhibition of spore germination

Microbiology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lorito ◽  
C. Peterbauer ◽  
C. K. Hayes ◽  
G. E. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

scholarly journals Interaction of Ammonium, Glucose, and Chitin Regulates the Expression of Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes inTrichoderma atroviride Strain P1

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5643-5647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Giuliano Garisto Donzelli ◽  
Gary E. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Early Expression ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT Chitinolytic and glucanolytic fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes have been suggested to be primary determinants of biocontrol byTrichoderma spp. We examined the effects of ammonium, glucose, chitin, and chito-oligomers on transcription of specific genes and secretion of fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes. The genesech42, nag1, andgluc78 were examined, as were the enzymes they encode (endochitinase CHIT42, N-acetylhexosaminidase CHIT73, and glucan exo-1,3-β-glucanase GLUC78, respectively).gluc78 could be induced by nitrogen starvation alone, while both ech42 and nag1 required nitrogen starvation and the presence of chitin for induction. Starvation for both ammonium and glucose resulted in very early expression and secretion of all cell wall-degrading enzymes examined. In the presence of low levels of ammonium (10 mM), both chito-oligomers and chitin triggered CHIT42 and CHIT40 (chitobiosidase) production. CHIT73 secretion occurred in the presence ofN-acetylglucosamine and chito-oligomers, while chitin was less effective. The presence of different chito-oligomers resulted in secretion of specific N-acetylhexosaminidases, of which CHIT73 is one. Our results indicate that the expression and secretion of cell wall-degrading enzymes is nitrogen repressed, that effects of carbon and nitrogen nutrition are interactive, and that especially for chitinolytic enzymes, the inductive effect of chitin is altered by the level of ammonium or glucose in the medium.

Sugars and pH: A clue to the regulation of fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes in plants

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Akimitsu ◽  
A. Isshiki ◽  
K. Ohtani ◽  
H. Yamamoto ◽  
D. Eshel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Degrading Enzymes

scholarly journals Possible Role of Colonization and Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes in the Differential Ability of Three Ulocladium atrum Strains to Control Botrytis cinerea on Necrotic Strawberry Leaves

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Berto ◽  
M. Haïssam Jijakli ◽  
Philippe Lepoivre
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pectate Lyase ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Immunological Assays

Ulocladium atrum (strain 385) consistently reduced Botrytis cinerea sporulation on necrotic fragments of strawberry leaves. On these tissues, two strains of U. atrum (isolates 18558 and 18559) showed lower antagonistic activities than the reference strain 385. Colonization of strawberry leaflets by the three U. atrum strains appeared similar in the absence of B. cinerea, whether quantified by chitin or immunological assays. The second method (based on anti-U. atrum antibodies) revealed that strawberry leaflet colonization by U. atrum 385 was better than by the other U. atrum strains in the presence of B. cinerea. An immunoassay using anti-B. cinerea antibodies revealed that the colonization of B. cinerea in tissues was lower in the presence of U. atrum 385 than with the two other U. atrum strains. The enzymatic activities produced by U. atrum 385 during the colonization phases of necrotic tissues were compared to B. cinerea and U. atrum strains 18558 and 18559. U. atrum 385 had the highest lipase, pectate lyase, and cellobiase activities while B. cinerea had the highest endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity. The study of lytic activities hydrolyzing the fungal cell wall revealed higher β-1,3-glucanase activity with U. atrum 385, which was stimulated by B. cinerea on necrotic strawberry leaflets. These results suggest that plant and fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes produced by U. atrum 385 may play a complementary role in the competitive colonization of dead strawberry leaves against B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Elucidation of the Initial Growth Process and the Infection Mechanism of Penicillium digitatum on Postharvest Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qian ◽  
Qiya Yang ◽  
Qidi Zhang ◽  
Mandour H. Abdelhai ◽  
Solairaj Dhanasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Infection Mechanism

Green mold disease, a common citrus post-harvest disease caused by Penicillium digitatum, has an unresolved initial infection mechanism. Understanding the infection mechanism leads to the development of potential controls and preventive measures against the disease. The present study aimed to delineate the infection mechanism by investigating spore germination, changes of organic molecules and enzyme activity, and differential expression of genes in the P. digitatum infection. P. digitatum spore germination was observed by a pathology section scanner and it was found that in vivo germination was 3 h behind the in vitro germination. In addition, cell wall degrading enzymes and soluble sugar and titratable acid content during the infection process measured dynamically. The level of pectinase reached its maximum of 6067 U/g before 48 hpi, while cellulase increased rapidly after 48 hpi. The soluble sugar and organic acid content increased considerably with the progression of the infection. The transcriptomic profile of P. digitatum before and after infection was analyzed by RNA-seq. The genes related to cell wall degrading enzymes were significantly up-regulated and annotated to participate in two major carbon source synthesis pathways. The study delineated the initial infection mechanism of P. digitatum which eventually opened the gate way for the development of new control strategies in the future.

scholarly journals The origin of fungi-culture in termites was associated with a shift to a mycolytic gut bacteria community

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haofu Hu ◽  
Rafael Rodrigues da Costa ◽  
Bo Pilgaard ◽  
Morten Schiøtt ◽  
Lene Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Termite Gut ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
And Function

AbstractTermites forage on a range of substrates, and it has been suggested that diet shapes the composition and function of termite gut bacterial communities. Through comparative analyses of gut metagenomes in nine termite species with distinct diets, we characterise bacterial community compositions and identify biomass-degrading enzymes and the bacterial taxa that encode them. We find that fungus-growing termite guts are enriched in fungal cell wall-degrading and proteolytic enzymes, while wood-feeding termite gut communities are enriched for plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. Interestingly, wood-feeding termite gut bacteria code for abundant chitinolytic enzymes, suggesting that fungal biomass within the decaying wood likely contributes to gut bacteria or termite host nutrition. Across diets, the dominant biomass-degrading enzymes are predominantly coded for by the most abundant bacterial taxa, suggesting tight links between diet and gut community composition, with the most marked shift being the communities coding for the mycolytic capacity of the fungus-growing termite gut.

scholarly journals Analysis and application of a suite of recombinant endo-β(1,3)-d-glucanases for studying fungal cell walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S. D. Carvalho ◽  
Laura Gómez-Delgado ◽  
M. Ángeles Curto ◽  
M. Belén Moreno ◽  
Pilar Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fungal Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Commercial Applications

Abstract Background The fungal cell wall is an essential and robust external structure that protects the cell from the environment. It is mainly composed of polysaccharides with different functions, some of which are necessary for cell integrity. Thus, the process of fractionation and analysis of cell wall polysaccharides is useful for studying the function and relevance of each polysaccharide, as well as for developing a variety of practical and commercial applications. This method can be used to study the mechanisms that regulate cell morphogenesis and integrity, giving rise to information that could be applied in the design of new antifungal drugs. Nonetheless, for this method to be reliable, the availability of trustworthy commercial recombinant cell wall degrading enzymes with non-contaminating activities is vital. Results Here we examined the efficiency and reproducibility of 12 recombinant endo-β(1,3)-d-glucanases for specifically degrading the cell wall β(1,3)-d-glucan by using a fast and reliable protocol of fractionation and analysis of the fission yeast cell wall. This protocol combines enzymatic and chemical degradation to fractionate the cell wall into the four main polymers: galactomannoproteins, α-glucan, β(1,3)-d-glucan and β(1,6)-d-glucan. We found that the GH16 endo-β(1,3)-d-glucanase PfLam16A from Pyrococcus furiosus was able to completely and reproducibly degrade β(1,3)-d-glucan without causing the release of other polymers. The cell wall degradation caused by PfLam16A was similar to that of Quantazyme, a recombinant endo-β(1,3)-d-glucanase no longer commercially available. Moreover, other recombinant β(1,3)-d-glucanases caused either incomplete or excessive degradation, suggesting deficient access to the substrate or release of other polysaccharides. Conclusions The discovery of a reliable and efficient recombinant endo-β(1,3)-d-glucanase, capable of replacing the previously mentioned enzyme, will be useful for carrying out studies requiring the digestion of the fungal cell wall β(1,3)-d-glucan. This new commercial endo-β(1,3)-d-glucanase will allow the study of the cell wall composition under different conditions, along the cell cycle, in response to environmental changes or in cell wall mutants. Furthermore, this enzyme will also be greatly valuable for other practical and commercial applications such as genome research, chromosomes extraction, cell transformation, protoplast formation, cell fusion, cell disruption, industrial processes and studies of new antifungals that specifically target cell wall synthesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document