Application of photometry for diagnostics of nitrogen nutrition in spring barley

The article discusses a method for diagnosing nitrogen nutrition of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in different phases of the growing season using a photometric device (N-tester) Yara. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Moscow region (Russia) on the Mikhailovsky spring barley variety on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils with a high and medium content of phosphorus and potassium and a low content of humus (1.9). The agrometeorological conditions of the growing season of spring barley were characterized by sharp fluctuations in air temperature and the amount of precipitation over decades of the month and in comparison with average long-term observations. Abundant and prolonged precipitation during the grain ripening phase led to lodging in most of the experiments, which affected the yield. To diagnose crops, a model experiment was laid with the introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers into pre-sowing cultivation with a step of 30, at which the dose of nitrogen ranged from 30 to 150 kg/ha. Diagnostics was carried out in three phases of vegetation: tube emergence ((Z42), earing (Z55), milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with the Yara N-tester and with the help of stem diagnostics according to the modified method of V. Zerling. The results of photometric diagnostics in the stemming phase (Z42) have a strong correlation with the yield of spring barley grain and with the results of stem diagnostics (R = 0.85). Wherein, the N-tester readings in the earing phase (Z55) and milk ripeness of grain (Z73) with yield R = 0.23 and R = 0.17, respectively, have a weak correlation. This is possibly due to lodging of crops and a change in yield, not as a result of poor plant nutrition, but with difficult mechanized harvesting.

Impact of Nitrogen Nutrition through Organic and Inorganic Sources of Fertilizer on Growth Phenology and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The field experiment was conducted at wheat research farm of CCS Haryana Agriculture University during Rabi season of 2019-20 to study nitrogen nutrition through organic and inorganic source of fertilizer on growth phenology, yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications containing 16 treatments combination i.e T1-Control; T2-100% RDN through urea; T3- 100% RDN through FYM; T4-100% RDN through vermicompost; T5-50% RDN through urea+ 50% RDN through FYM; T6-50% RDN through urea+ 50% RDN through vermicompost; T7-25% RDN through urea+ 75% RDN through FYM; T8-25% RDN through urea 75% RDN through vermicompost; T9-100% RDN through urea + Azotobacter; T10-100% RDN through FYM + Azotobacter; T11-100% RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter; T12-50% RDN through urea+ 50% RDN through FYM + Azotobacter; T13-50% RDN through urea+ 50% RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter; T14-25% RDN through urea+ 75% RDN through FYM + Azotobacter; T15-25% RDN through urea+ 75% RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter; T16- Azotobacter. Treatment T9, 100% nitrogen nutrition through chemical fertilizer (urea) with seed treatment of Azotobacter has taken significantly maximum days to emergence (5.3). Days taken to 50% spike emergence (94.7) and days taken to maturity (148.0) respectively. Similarly T9 had significantly higher grain yield (5640 kg/ha), hectoliter weight (83.167 kg/ha), grain appearance score (7.933 scale/10) and protein content (12.90 %) of wheat during the research period respectively.

Influence of Nitrogen Nutrition on Fatty Acids in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen nutrition on the content of fatty acids and selected qualitative parameters (nitrogenous substances, ash, crude fiber) in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The experiment was carried out at the Vígľaš—Pstruša Research and Breeding Station in 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 by complete block design with four repetitions. Nitrogen fertilization was applied at four levels, plus an untreated control (after agrochemical soil analysis) by DAN 27 (Dolomite Ammonium Nitrate): 100, 120, 140, and 160 kg/ha N. Application date was in BBCH scale phase 59–60. The fatty acid contents (MUFA—monosaturated fatty acids; PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acids) were determined by gas chromatography in the extracted fat, which is determined by extraction method. Within the result evaluation, statistically significant increases in the contents of linoleic and linolenic acids were recorded in all variants treated by nitrogen fertilizer, which is positive in terms of the use of rapeseed oil for food and energy purposes. The statistically significant decrease of oleic acid after the application of nitrogen fertilizers is negative for industry use of rapeseed oil.

Effect of application of microelements on nitrogen nutrition of parsley, yield and quality of greens and roots

The article presents the results of vegetation-field studies (for 2018-2020) to study the effect of trace elements on the yield and quality of greens and root crops of parsley on heavy loamy chernozems on loess-like loams. A soil mixture was poured into the vessel at the rate of 10 kg of heavy loamy chernozem. Microelements were introduced into the soil in an amount: boron – 1.0 mg; zinc – 2.5 mg; copper – 0.5 mg; manganese – 5.0 mg; molybdenum – 1.0 mg; cobalt – 1.0 mg; iodine – 2.0 mg of active ingredient per kilogram of soil. In the prepared soil, 100 parsley seeds were sown in vessels at the beginning of May. Trace elements were aplicated in the form of an aqueous solution of salts 20 days before chemical analyzes. Molybdenum in the form of ammonium molybdenum (0.05 % solution), manganese – in the form of manganese sulfate (0.6 %, solution) and boron – in the form of boric acid (0.15 % solution). The experiments were carried out in triplicate. Collecting greens was carried out when the plants reached a height of 20–25 cm, leaving petioles 2 cm high from the head of the root crop. The results of the research found that microelements: boron, copper, manganese, molybdenum and cobalt on chernozem on average over two years contributed to an increase in seed germination by 1.2–1.3 %, and the introduction of iodine into the soil slightly reduced seed germination. Parsley shoots appeared together, which was also influenced by the water–air properties of the soil. At the same time, the plants were well leafy and had a darker green color of the leaves, increased the productivity of greens and parsley root crops. In the variant where organic fertilizers were applied to the soil under the predecessor, the microelements increased the yield. This is due to the fact that organic fertilizers were introduced under the previous crop, when decomposed in the soil, they provide the plants with microelements. The increased yield of parsley root crops was obtained from the introduction of molybdenum and a double dose of copper. An increased yield of root crops compared to the control (without feeding) was obtained, respectively: cobalt – 151 g, double dose of copper – 135 g, copper – 108 g and zinc – 106 g. Thus, the use of trace elements for parsley in order to obtain high yield and quality marketable products are best used on poor soils of these elements.

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN NUTRITION CONDITIONS AND PHYTHORMONES ON CHANGE OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SPRING WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

The paper shows the effect of nitrogen nutrition, exogenous auxin, and rhizosphere auxin-synthesizing microorganisms on the variability of the composition of fatty acids (FA) in the vegetative organs of spring wheat. The object of the study was seedlings of spring soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. The determination of FAs was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of FAs showed that in the control variants (without auxin), nitrogen nutrition conditions did not affect the localization of polyunsaturated FAs in vegetative organs; the maximum content of triene FAs was observed in leaves of 48.30% (N-deficient variant) and 44.8% (NO-3-variant ) and the absence of these FAs in the roots. It was found that in the presence of nitrates, the proportion of unsaturated FAs in the leaves and roots of wheat decreases. The use of exogenous auxin (5–50 μg/ml) in the early stages of ontogenesis leads to an increase in the amount of saturated (palmitic and stearic) acids and a decrease in unsaturated acids in vegetative organs, regardless of the conditions of nitrogen nutrition. During the introduction of spring wheat seedlings by auxin-synthesizing microorganisms, it was noted that nitrogen-fixing bacteria affect the leaves of plants most effectively, the content of saturated FAs increases by 72%, and only 16% increases in these FAs in the leaves of nitrate-reducing microorganisms.