Different potato virus Y strains frequently co-localize in single epidermal leaf cells and in the aphid stylet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaonpius Mondal ◽  
Murad Ghanim ◽  
Alison Roberts ◽  
Stewart M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Virus Binding ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Infected Tobacco ◽  
Related Potyviruses

Single aphids can simultaneously or sequentially acquire and transmit multiple potato virus Y (PVY) strains. Multiple PVY strains are often found in the same field and occasionally within the same plant, but little is known about how PVY strains interact in plants or in aphid stylets. Immuno-staining and confocal microscopy were used to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of PVY strain mixtures (PVYO and PVYNTN or PVYO and PVYN) in epidermal leaf cells of ‘Samsun NN’ tobacco and ‘Goldrush’ potato. Virus binding and localization was also examined in aphid stylets following acquisition. Both strains systemically infected tobacco and co-localized in cells of all leaves examined; however, the relative amounts of each virus changed over time. Early in the tobacco infection, when mosaic symptoms were observed, PVYO dominated the infection although PVYNTN was detected in some cells. As the infection progressed and vein necrosis developed, PVYNTN was prevalent. Co-localization of PVYO and PVYN was also observed in epidermal cells of potato leaves with most cells infected with both viruses. Furthermore, two strains could be detected binding to the distal end of aphid stylets following virus acquisition from a plant infected with a strain mixture. These data are in contrast with the traditional belief of spatial separation of two closely related potyviruses and suggest apparent non-antagonistic interaction between PVY strains that could help explain the multitude of emerging recombinant PVY strains discovered in potato in recent years.

scholarly journals Epidemic of Potato virus Y and Cucumber mosaic virus in Henan Province Tobacco

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. D. Li ◽  
Y. Q. Li ◽  
H. G. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Vein Necrosis

Flue-cured tobacco is an important crop in Henan Province, China. During the 2000 growing season, many tobacco plants showed various degrees of mottling, mosaic, vein clearing, or vein necrosis in most of the counties. Some plants even died at an early stage of growth. A survey was conducted in May-June in several tobacco-growing counties, and the incidence of symptomatic plants in individual fields ranged from 10 to 85%. The most widely planted tobacco varieties, NC89, K326, and K346, were highly susceptible. Symptomatic plants were collected from Jiaxian and Xiangcheng counties and samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Potato virus X (PVX). Of 65 samples tested, 21 were positive for only PVY, 16 positive for only CMV, one each was positive for only TMV or PVX. Nineteen samples were doubly infected with various combinations of these viruses and six were infected with combinations of three viruses. The causal agent(s) in the remaining sample could not be determined. In total, CMV was detected in 40 samples, PVY in 38, PVX in 10, and TMV in 7 samples. TMV and CMV used to be the most important viruses and PVY occurred only rarely. But PVY has become prevalent in Henan and in neighboring Shandong province (2). CMV and TMV were reported to be the most prevalent viruses in Shanxi (1) and Fujian Provinces (3). Because resistant varieties are not available, and mixed infections are more common, the results presented here explain why huge damage is occurring in tobacco crops in recent years. Some varieties are partially resistant to TMV and CMV but the varieties commonly grown are highly susceptible to PVY. Therefore, breeding for resistance to viruses, especially to PVY, is urgent to control the occurrence of tobacco viral diseases. References: (1) J. L. Cheng et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 4:43, 1998. (2) J. B. Wang et al. Chinese Tobacco Sci. 1:26, 1998. (3) L. H. Xie et al. Acta Tabacaria Sin. 2:25, 1994.

SOME EFFECTS OF FORMALDEHYDE ON POTATO VIRUS Y IN VITRO, AND ABILITY OF APHIDS TO TRANSMIT THE VIRUS WHEN THEIR STYLETS ARE TREATED WITH FORMALDEHYDE

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. E. Bradley ◽  
R. Y. Ganong
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Considerable Distance ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
Infected Tobacco

Potato virus Y (PVY) was made noninfective by incubation with formaldehyde in vitro. Yet this noninfective virus reacted with PVY antiserum and caused antibodies to be produced in rabbits as readily as infective PVY. A method is described for baring the stylets of living aphids beyond the end of the labium, which normally encloses the stylets. Specimens of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) infective with PVY were made noninfective by treating the stylets for 30 sec. with concentrations of formaldehyde as low as 0.03%; and 0.25% formaldehyde caused the same effect in five seconds. Aphids were also made noninfective when the proboscis with the tip of the stylets bared was treated with formaldehyde, even after the stylets had been inserted a considerable distance into infected tobacco plants. By contrast, aphids usually remained infective when the proboscis with the stylets enclosed in the labium was treated with similar concentrations of formaldehyde. However, formaldehyde treatment of the stylets did not affect the ability of aphids immediately thereafter to acquire and transmit PVY. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that viruses transmitted like PVY are carried by the stylets of their aphid vectors.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Resistance-Breaking Isolate of Potato Virus Y in Nicotiana Tabacum

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young-Soo Kim ◽  
Soo-Won Jang ◽  
Yong-Ho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Pvy Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breaking ◽  
Systemic Vein ◽  
Vein Necrosis ◽  
Tobacco Cultivar

Potato virus Y (PVY) was identified from a PVY-resistance flue-cured tobacco variety KF120 showing vein necrosis at Buron province, Korea. Biological properties of the isolate named PVY-ToBR1 was characterized using various host plants with another isolate PVY-ToJC37. The isolated PVY-ToBR1 induced systemic vein necrosis symptoms on a PVY-resistant tobacco cultivar (VAM) harboring potyvirus resistant va gene, though tissue printing showed the systemic movement of virus was slightly delayed. By contrast, the isolate PVY-ToJC37 failed to infect VAM plants and the virus was not detected on inoculated leaf and systemic leaves in VAM plants. Similarly, the isolated PVY-ToBR1 induced distinctly systemic vein necrosis symptoms on PVY-resistant tobacco cultivars (V.SCR, PBD6, TN86, TN90, Virgin A Mutant, NC744, and Wislica) that have the recessive potyvirus resistance gene va, but PVY-ToJC37 did not infect systemically infect these tobacco cultivars, suggesting that PVY-ToBR1 is a novel resistance-breaking isolate in tobacco. The coat protein (CP) genes of PVY-ToBR1 and PVY-ToJC37 were amplified using RT-PCR assays with specific primers for PVY isolates and nucleotide sequences of the CP genes were determined. The isolate PVY-ToBR1 showed 88.4% - 99.4% and 86.6% - 99.4% CP identities to the 46 different PVY isolates at the nucleotide and amino acid, respectively. Phylogenetic relationship from CP comparisons showed that PVY-ToBR1 isolate clustered with PVYNTN isolates and PVY-ToBR1 isolate more closely related to the isolates from European than from North American PVY NTN.

A novel recombinant strain of Potato virus Y suggests a new viral genetic determinant of vein necrosis in tobacco

2009 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Hu ◽  
Teresa Meacham ◽  
Lorie Ewing ◽  
Stewart M. Gray ◽  
Alexander V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Genetic Determinant ◽  
Vein Necrosis

Virus and helper component interactions favour the transmission of recombinant potato virus Y strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaonpius Mondal ◽  
William M. Wintermantel ◽  
Stewart M. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Virus Binding ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Recombinant Strains ◽  
Homologous Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Acquisition Order ◽  
Ordinary Strain

In recent years, several recombinant strains of potato virus Y, notably PVYNTN and PVYN:O have displaced the ordinary strain, PVYO, and emerged as the predominant strains affecting the USA potato crop. Previously we reported that recombinant strains were transmitted more efficiently than PVYO when they were acquired sequentially, regardless of acquisition order. In another recent study, we showed that PVYNTN binds preferentially to the aphid stylet over PVYO when aphids feed on a mixture of PVYO and PVYNTN. To understand the mechanism of this transmission bias as well as preferential virus binding, we separated virus and active helper component proteins (HC), mixed them in homologous and heterologous combinations, and then fed them to aphids using Parafilm sachets. Mixtures of PVYO HC with either PVYN:O or PVYNTN resulted in efficient transmission. PVYN:O HC also facilitated the transmission of PVYO and PVYNTN, albeit with reduced efficiency. PVYNTN HC failed to facilitate transmission of either PVYO or PVYN:O. When PVYO HC or PVYN:O HC was mixed with equal amounts of the two viruses, both viruses in all combinations were transmitted at high efficiencies. In contrast, no transmission occurred when combinations of viruses were mixed with PVYNTN HC. Further study evaluated transmission using serial dilutions of purified virus mixed with HCs. While PVYNTN HC only facilitated the transmission of the homologous virus, the HCs of PVYO and PVYN:O facilitated the transmission of all strains tested. This phenomenon has likely contributed to the increase in the recombinant strains affecting the USA potato crop.

microRNA response in potato virus Y infected tobacco shows strain-specificity depending on host and symptom severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 20-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yin ◽  
Zofia Murawska ◽  
Fuliang Xie ◽  
Magdalena Pawełkowicz ◽  
Krystyna Michalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Infected Tobacco

EFFECTS OF DEPTH OF STYLET PENETRATION ON APHID TRANSMISSION OF POTATO VIRUS Y

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. E. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Infected Tobacco ◽  
Superficial Tissues

The aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) most often became infective with potato virus Y on inserting the stylets only superficially into infected tobacco plants after a period without food; the further the stylets penetrated into the plant, the less likely the aphid was to be infective. When epidermis was removed from infected plants, aphids acquired virus Y as readily from the exposed mesophyll as from the piece of removed epidermis. M. persicae can feed by inserting its stylets through a membrane and into tobacco plants. But aphids rarely became infective with virus Y when they inserted their stylets through a membrane and into infected plants; and infective aphids rarely transmitted the virus when they inserted their stylets through a membrane into susceptible plants. Yet infective aphids that penetrated a membrane could afterwards infect a plant not covered with a membrane. Also, aphids did not become infective when they penetrated the deeper tissues of infected plants that had had the virus in the superficial tissues inactivated by ultraviolet radiations. The main conclusion is that M. persicae rarely becomes infective with virus Y or transmits it after the stylets penetrate beyond the first layer of plant cells.

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