scholarly journals Rapid evolution of primate type 2 immune response factors linked to asthma susceptibility

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Barber ◽  
Elliot M. Lee ◽  
Hayden Griffin ◽  
Nels C. Elde
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Gene Gain ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Asthma Susceptibility ◽  
Immune System Evolution ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response

ABSTRACTHost immunity pathways evolve rapidly in response to antagonism by pathogens. Microbial infections can also trigger excessive inflammation that contributes to diverse autoimmune disorders including asthma, lupus, diabetes, and arthritis. Definitive links between immune system evolution and human autoimmune disease remain unclear. Here we provide evidence that several components of the type 2 immune response pathway have been subject to recurrent positive selection in the primate lineage. Notably, rapid evolution of the central immune regulator IL13 corresponds to a polymorphism linked to asthma susceptibility in humans. We also find evidence of accelerated amino acid substitutions as well as repeated gene gain and loss events among eosinophil granule proteins, which act as toxic antimicrobial effectors that promote asthma pathology by damaging airway tissues. These results support the hypothesis that evolutionary conflicts with pathogens promote tradeoffs for increasingly robust immune responses during animal evolution. Our findings are also consistent with the view that natural selection has contributed to the spread of autoimmune disease alleles in humans.

scholarly journals Rapid Evolution of Primate Type 2 Immune Response Factors Linked to Asthma Susceptibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1757-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Barber ◽  
Elliott M. Lee ◽  
Hayden Griffin ◽  
Nels C. Elde
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Asthma Susceptibility ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response

A non-canonical type 2 immune response coordinates tuberculous granuloma formation and epithelialization

Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Cronan ◽  
Erika J. Hughes ◽  
W. Jared Brewer ◽  
Gopinath Viswanathan ◽  
Emily G. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Granuloma Formation ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response ◽  
Tuberculous Granuloma ◽  
Canonical Type

scholarly journals Dairy Heifers Naturally Exposed toFasciola hepaticaDevelop a Type 2 Immune Response and Concomitant Suppression of Leukocyte Proliferation

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Graham-Brown ◽  
Catherine Hartley ◽  
Helen Clough ◽  
Aras Kadioglu ◽  
Matthew Baylis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response

ABSTRACTFasciola hepaticais a parasitic trematode of global importance in livestock. Control strategies reliant on anthelmintics are unsustainable due to the emergence of drug resistance. Vaccines are under development, but efficacies are variable. Evidence from experimental infection suggests that vaccine efficacy may be affected by parasite-induced immunomodulation. Little is known about the immune response toF. hepaticafollowing natural exposure. Hence, we analyzed the immune responses over time in calves naturally exposed toF. hepaticainfection. Cohorts of replacement dairy heifer calves (n= 42) with no prior exposure toF. hepatica, on three commercial dairy farms, were sampled over the course of a grazing season. Exposure was determined through anF. hepatica-specific serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluke egg counts. Concurrent changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine responses were measured. Relationships between fluke infection and immune responses were analyzed by using multivariable linear mixed-effect models. All calves from one farm showed evidence of exposure, while cohorts from the remaining two farms remained negative over the grazing season. A type 2 immune response was associated with exposure, with increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) production, IL-5 transcription, and eosinophilia. Suppression of parasite-specific peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation was evident, while decreased mitogen-stimulated gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production suggested immunomodulation, which was not restricted to parasite-specific responses. Our findings show that the global immune response is modulated toward a nonproliferative type 2 state following natural challenge withF. hepatica. This has implications in terms of the timing of the administration of vaccination programs and for host susceptibility to coinfecting pathogens.

scholarly journals NK cell recruitment limits tissue damage during an enteric helminth infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Gentile ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Amicha Robertson ◽  
Kathleen Shah ◽  
Ghislaine Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Cxcr3 Expression ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response

AbstractParasitic helminths cause significant damage as they migrate through host tissues to complete their life cycle. While chronic helminth infections are characterized by a well-described Type 2 immune response, the early, tissue-invasive stages are not well understood. Here we investigate the immune pathways activated during the early stages of Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), a natural parasitic roundworm of mice. In contrast to the Type 2 immune response present at later stages of infection, a robust Type 1 immune signature including IFNg production was dominant at the time of parasite invasion and granuloma formation. This early response was associated with an accumulation of activated Natural Killer (NK) cells, with no increase of other innate lymphoid cell populations. Parabiosis and confocal microscopy studies indicated that NK cells were recruited from circulation to the small intestine, where they surrounded parasitic larvae. NK cell recruitment required IFNγ receptor signaling, but was independent of CXCR3 expression. The depletion of tissue-infiltrating NK cells altered neither worm burden nor parasite fitness, but increased vascular injury, suggesting a role for NK cells in mediating tissue protection. Together, these data identify an unexpected role for NK cells in promoting disease tolerance during the invasive stage of an enteric helminth infection.

scholarly journals Enhanced innate type 2 immune response in peripheral blood from patients with asthma

2014 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen R. Bartemes ◽  
Gail M. Kephart ◽  
Stephanie J. Fox ◽  
Hirohito Kita
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response

scholarly journals Ancient Cytokine Interleukin 15-Like (IL-15L) Induces a Type 2 Immune Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Yamaguchi ◽  
Chia Jung Chang ◽  
Axel Karger ◽  
Markus Keller ◽  
Florian Pfaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response ◽  
Interleukin 15

Presence of an Eosinophilic Infiltrate in Cervical Squamous Carcinoma Results from a Type 2 Immune Response

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemien J. van Driel ◽  
Petry Kievit-Tyson ◽  
Lambert C.J.M. van den Broek ◽  
Aeilko H. Zwinderman ◽  
Baptist J. Trimbos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Eosinophilic Infiltrate ◽  
Type 2 Immune Response
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