scholarly journals Modern human origins: multiregional evolution of autosomes and East Asia origin of Y and mtDNA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejian Yuan ◽  
Xiaoyun Lei ◽  
Yuanyuan Gui ◽  
Mingrui Wang ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Modern Human Origins ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Public Data

AbstractThe neutral theory has been used as a null model for interpreting nature and produced the Recent Out of Africa model of anatomically modern humans. Recent studies, however, have established that genetic diversities are mostly at maximum saturation levels maintained by selection, therefore challenging the explanatory power of the neutral theory and rendering the present molecular model of human origins untenable. Using improved methods and public data, we have revisited human evolution and found sharing of genetic variations among racial groups to be largely a result of parallel mutations rather than recent common ancestry and admixture as commonly assumed. We derived an age of 1.86-1.92 million years for the first split in modern human populations based on autosomal diversity data. We found evidence of modern Y and mtDNA originating in East Asia and dispersing via hybridization with archaic humans. Analyses of autosomes, Y and mtDNA all suggest that Denisovan and Neanderthal were archaic Africans with Eurasian admixtures and ancestors of South Asia Negritos and Aboriginal Australians. Verifying our model, we found more ancestry of Southern Chinese from Hunan in Africans relative to other East Asian groups examined. These results suggest multiregional evolution of autosomes and replacements of archaic Y and mtDNA by modern ones originating in East Asia, thereby leading to a coherent account of modern human origins.

scholarly journals The Out of East Asia model versus the African Eve model of modern human origins in light of ancient mtDNA findings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Shi Huang
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Molecular Clock Hypothesis ◽  
Modern Human Origins ◽  
Model Versus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basal Type ◽  
New Framework

AbstractThe first molecular model of modern human origins published in 1983 had the mtDNA phylogenetic tree rooted in Asia. This model was subsequently overlooked and superseded by the African Eve model in 1987 that was premised on the unrealistic infinite site assumption and the now failed molecular clock hypothesis. We have recently developed a new framework of molecular evolution, the maximum genetic diversity (MGD) hypothesis, which has in turn led us to discover a new model of modern human origins with the roots of uniparental DNAs placed in East Asia. While the African mtDNA Eve model has haplotype N as ancestral to R, our Asia model places R as the ancestor of all. We here examined ancient mtDNAs from the literature focusing on the relationship between N and R. The data showed that all three oldest mtDNAs were R with the 45000 year old Ust-Ishim a basal type and the two ~40000 year old samples sub-branch of R. Among the numerous mtDNAs of 39500-30000 year old, most were R subtype U and only two were N samples, the 39500 year old Oase1 and the 34425 year old Salkhit. These N types are basal and hence likely close to the root of N. These ancient DNA findings suggest that basal R is ~5000 years older than basal N, thereby confirming the East Asia model and invalidating the African Eve model.

Archaeology and the population-dispersal hypothesis of modern human origins in Europe

1992 ◽  
Vol 337 (1280) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Modern Human Origins ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

The transition from anatomically ‘archaic’ to ‘modern’ populations would seem to have occurred in most regions of Europe broadly between ca.40 and 30 ka ago: much later than in most other areas of the world. The archaeological evidence supports the view that this transition was associated with the dispersal of new human populations into Europe, equipped with a new technology (‘Aurignacian’) and a range of radical behavioural and cultural innovations which collectively define the ‘Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition'. In several regions of Europe there is archaeological evidence for a chronological overlap between these populations and the final Neanderthal populations and, apparently, for various forms of contact, interaction and, apparently, ‘acculturation’ between these two populations. The fundamental behavioural adaptations implicit in the ‘Upper Palaeolithic Revolution’ (possibly including language) are thought to have been responsible for this rapid dispersal of human populations over the ecologically demanding environments of last-glacial Europe.

scholarly journals Ancient uniparental DNAs in distinguishing the competing theories of molecular evolution and modern human origins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyi Xia ◽  
Hongyao Chen ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Shi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Neutral Theory ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Modern Human Origins ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Maximum Genetic Diversity

Abstract Analyses of extant people have resulted in two models for the uniparental DNA phylogenetic trees of modern humans rooted in either Africa or East Asia. The Africa model is based on the neutral theory. The Asia model is reached from the maximum genetic diversity (MGD) theory. To test the two competing theories, we examined published data of ancient uniparental DNAs. Many ancient samples belonging to a terminal haplogroup were found to have mutated only in some, but not all, of the sites that define a more basal haplogroup. This pattern was found for the non-controversial haplogroups shared by the two competing models, and also for the haplogroups specific to the Asia model. Furthermore, many ancient samples that do not belong to some of the haplogroups of the Africa model nonetheless had mutations in them, which makes it impossible to unambiguously assign them to a haplogroup within the Africa model. Finally, uniparental DNAs of archaic humans were found to carry some modern alleles present in the first uniparental DNAs in the Asia model, indicating convergent evolution. Therefore, the data from ancient DNAs have verified the MGD theory and the actual existence of the haplogroups specific to the Asia model.

Modern Human Origins Faunal Perspectives

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Stiner
Keyword(s):  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Modern Human Origins

Modern human origins in Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Fleagle ◽  
Christopher C. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Modern Human Origins

Are Neanderthals challenging the “out-of-Africa” model for modern human origins?

2010 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanchao WANG ◽  
Hui LI
Keyword(s):  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Modern Human Origins ◽  
Out Of Africa
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