scholarly journals Asymmetric cell volume changes regulate epithelial morphogenesis in zebrafish Kupffer’s vesicle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnik Dasgupta ◽  
Matthias Merkel ◽  
Andrew E. Jacob ◽  
Jonathan Dawson ◽  
M. Lisa Manning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Ion Flux ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Kupffer’S Vesicle ◽  
Kupffer's Vesicle ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes

ABSTRACTHow epithelial cell behaviors are coordinately regulated to sculpt tissue architecture is a fundamental question in biology. Kupffer's vesicle (KV), a transient organ with a fluid - filled lumen, provides a simple system to investigate the interplay between intrinsic cellular mechanisms and external forces during epithelial morphogenesis. Using 3 - dimensional (3D) analyses of single cells we identify asymmetric cell volume changes along the anteroposterior axis of KV that coincide with asymmetric cell shape changes. Blocking ion flux prevents these cell volume changes and cell shape changes. Vertex simulations suggest cell shape changes do not depend on lumen expansion. Consistent with this prediction, asymmetric changes in KV cell volume and shape occur normally when KV lumen growth fails due to leaky cell adhesions. These results indicate ion flux mediates asymmetric cell volume changes that contribute to asymmetric cell shape changes in KV, and that these changes in epithelial morphology are separable from lumen - generated forces.

scholarly journals Cell volume changes contribute to epithelial morphogenesis in zebrafish Kupffer’s vesicle

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnik Dasgupta ◽  
Matthias Merkel ◽  
Madeline J Clark ◽  
Andrew E Jacob ◽  
Jonathan Edward Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Ion Flux ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Kupffer’S Vesicle ◽  
Kupffer's Vesicle ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes

How epithelial cell behaviors are coordinately regulated to sculpt tissue architecture is a fundamental question in biology. Kupffer’s vesicle (KV), a transient organ with a fluid-filled lumen, provides a simple system to investigate the interplay between intrinsic cellular mechanisms and external forces during epithelial morphogenesis. Using 3-dimensional (3D) analyses of single cells we identify asymmetric cell volume changes along the anteroposterior axis of KV that coincide with asymmetric cell shape changes. Blocking ion flux prevents these cell volume changes and cell shape changes. Vertex simulations suggest cell shape changes do not depend on lumen expansion. Consistent with this prediction, asymmetric changes in KV cell volume and shape occur normally when KV lumen growth fails due to leaky cell adhesions. These results indicate ion flux mediates cell volume changes that contribute to asymmetric cell shape changes in KV, and that these changes in epithelial morphology are separable from lumen-generated forces.

scholarly journals Author response: Cell volume changes contribute to epithelial morphogenesis in zebrafish Kupffer’s vesicle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnik Dasgupta ◽  
Matthias Merkel ◽  
Madeline J Clark ◽  
Andrew E Jacob ◽  
Jonathan Edward Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Kupffer’S Vesicle ◽  
Kupffer's Vesicle

scholarly journals Microtubules enter centre stage for morphogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1809) ◽  
pp. 20190557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Röper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Epithelial Morphogenesis ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Epithelial Sheets ◽  
Cytoskeletal System ◽  
Shape Changes

Cell shape changes are key to observable changes at the tissue level during morphogenesis and organ formation. The major driver of cell shape changes in turn is the actin cytoskeleton, both in the form of protrusive linear or branched dynamic networks and in the form of contractile actomyosin. Over the last 20 years, actomyosin has emerged as the major cytoskeletal system that deforms cells in epithelial sheets during morphogenesis. By contrast, the second major cytoskeletal system, microtubules, have so far mostly been assumed to serve ‘house-keeping' functions, such as directed transport or cell division, during morphogenetic events. Here, I will reflect on a subset of studies over the last 10 years that have clearly shown a major direct role for the microtubule cytoskeleton in epithelial morphogenesis, suggesting that our focus will need to be widened to give more attention and credit to this cytoskeletal system in playing an active morphogenetic role. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Contemporary morphogenesis'.

scholarly journals From Energy to Cellular Force in the Cellular Potts Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth G. Rens ◽  
Leah Edelstein-Keshet
Keyword(s):  
Potts Model ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Cellular Potts Model ◽  
Minimization Method ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Cell Shape Changes ◽  
Shape Changes

AbstractSingle and collective cell dynamics, cell shape changes, and cell migration can be conveniently represented by the Cellular Potts Model, a computational platform based on minimization of a Hamiltonian while permitting stochastic fluctuations. Using the fact that a force field is easily derived from a scalar energy (F = −∇H), we develop a simple algorithm to associate effective forces with cell shapes in the CPM. We display the predicted forces for single cells of various shapes and sizes (relative to cell rest-area and cell rest-perimeter). While CPM forces are specified directly from the Hamiltonian on the cell perimeter, we infer internal forces using interpolation, and refine the results with smoothing. Predicted forces compare favorably with experimentally measured cellular traction forces. We show that a CPM model with internal signaling (such as Rho-GTPase-related contractility) can be associated with retraction-protrusion forces that accompany cell shape changes and migration. We adapt the computations to multicellular systems, showing, for example, the forces that a pair of swirling cells exert on one another, demonstrating that our algorithm works equally well for interacting cells. Finally, we show forces associated with the dynamics of classic cell-sorting experiments in larger clusters of model cells.Author summaryCells exert forces on their surroundings and on one another. In simulations of cell shape using the Cellular Potts Model (CPM), the dynamics of deforming cell shapes is traditionally represented by an energy-minimization method. We use this CPM energy, the Hamiltonian, to derive and visualize the corresponding forces exerted by the cells. We use the fact that force is the negative gradient of energy to assign forces to the CPM cell edges, and then extend the results to interior forces by interpolation. We show that this method works for single as well as multiple interacting model cells, both static and motile. Finally, we show favorable comparison between predicted forces and real forces measured experimentally.

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