scholarly journals Revealing the functions of supra-temporal and insular auditory responsive areas in humans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Lu Luo ◽  
Na Xu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yayue Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Passive Listening ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Auditory Cortices ◽  
Weak Connectivity ◽  
Intracranial Electrodes

ABSTRACTThe human auditory sensory area, which includes primary and non-primary auditory cortices, has been considered to locate in the supra-temporal lobe for more than a century. Recently, accumulating evidence shows that the posterior part of insula responses to sounds under non-task states with relevant short latencies. However, whether posterior insula (InsP) contribute to forming auditory sensation remains unclear. Here we addressed this issue by recording and stimulation directly on the supra-temporal and insular areas via intracranial electrodes from 53 epileptic patients. During passive listening to a non-speech sound, the high-γ (60-140 Hz) active rate of InsP (68.8%) was approximate to the non-primary auditory areas (72.4% and 79.0%). Moreover, we could not distinguish InsP from supra-temporal subareas by either activation, latency, temporal pattern or lateral dominance of sound induce high-γ. On the contrary, direct electrical stimulation evoked auditory sensations effectively on supra-temporal subareas (> 65%), while sparsely on InsP (9.49%). The results of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) showed strong bidirectional connectivity within supra-temporal areas, but weak connectivity between supra-temporal areas and InsP. These findings suggest that even the InsP has similar basic auditory response properties to the primary or non-primary cortex, it may not directly participate in the formation of auditory perception.

scholarly journals Devising a development test of auditory perception: Problems and prospects

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Abramovitz
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Pattern Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Environmental Sounds ◽  
Threshold Phenomena ◽  
Sound Discrimination ◽  
Hearing Children

It is certain that many children whose auditory perception is queried by audiologists, speech therapists, educationists and psychologists elude the diagnostic screens presently available in each of these disciplines. The need for a qualitative and quantitative psychological assessment of the child's auditory abilities and disabilities led to the development of a test which was intended to evaluate the following functions:(a) Recognition of environmental sounds, (b) Auditory figure-ground discrimination, (c) Speech-sound discrimination (phonemic and intonational) and (d) Tonal pattern discrimination (pitch, loudness, duration and interval). It was not intended to investigate threshold phenomena as such but rather to supplement and complement pure-tone and speech audiometry. The test was applied to 205 children, aged five to ten years, drawn from a normal school population, and 232 children with difficulties and handicaps varying both in degree and kind. Only the first two sub-tests were found to be clinically and experimentally viable, and data for the curtailed test are presented. The following results are noteworthy: (1) The test measures functions which are positively related to both age and intelligence. (2) Brain-injured, retarded and emotionally disturbed children generally test low on auditory figure-ground discrimination; this vulnerability is most likely due to perseveration. (3) Previously unsuspected peripheral hearing losses may sometimes be detected by the use of the test. On the other hand, some children said to have high degrees of hearing loss test at or above their age-level. (4) Many deaf and hard-of-hearing children test higher without their hearing-aids; this is probably due to amplification being achieved at the cost of distortion. (5) Children of average intelligence with reading and/or spelling difficulties often test low on auditory figure-ground discrimination. (6) Blind children who have received auditory training are equal to sighted children in recognition of environmental sounds, but superior in auditory figure-ground discrimination. This does not, however, necessarily signify superior auditory perception as such on the part of the blind. In general it is concluded that the development of tests of auditory perception could add significantly to the psycho-educational assessment of both "normal" and handicapped children.

Non-Speech Sound in Human-Computer Interaction: A Review and Design Guidelines

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hereford ◽  
William Winn
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in computer technology make it possible to use sound more extensively in the computer interface than has hitherto been possible. This article describes research on uses of computer sound and suggests how sound might be used effectively by instructional and interface designers. After a review of some general principles of interface design and of basic research into auditory perception, the article examines two uses of sound: Earcons, whose purpose is to inform the user about the state of the system itself, and sonitization, whose purpose is to represent data generated by computer programs as sound. Both symbolic and iconic sounds are examined. The role of sound in virtual environments is also discussed with particular attention to its use in aircraft. Design guidelines are listed, and conclusions about needed research are offered.

Helmholtz and the Sirens

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Pesic
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Web Browsers ◽  
Musical Scale ◽  
Complex Response ◽  
Saturation Intensity ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
Time Parameters

Hermann von Helmholtz’s investigations of physiological optics and acoustics reflected his profound interest in music. After devising instruments to measure the space and time parameters of visual and auditory response, Helmholtz produced “color curves” characterizing the complex response of the eye to the appropriate “dimensions” of hue, saturation, intensity. In so doing, he critiqued Newton’s attempt to impose the musical scale on vision. Through experiments on sirens, Helmholtz generalized auditory perception from vibrating bodies to air puffs. He gradually formed the view that recognition of musical intervals was closely analogous to spatial resemblance or recurrence. His unfolding conception of the “manifolds” or “spaces” of sensory experience radically reconfigured and extended Newton’s connection between the musical scale and visual perception via Thomas Young’s theory of color vision. In the process, Helmholtz’s studies of hearing and seeing led him to compare them as differently structured geometric manifolds. Throughout the book where various sound examples are referenced, please see http://mitpress.mit.edu/musicandmodernscience (please note that the sound examples should be viewed in Chrome or Safari Web browsers).

scholarly journals Uncovering the functional anatomy of the human insula during speech

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Woolnough ◽  
Kiefer James Forseth ◽  
Patrick Sarahan Rollo ◽  
Nitin Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Orofacial Movements ◽  
Frontal Operculum ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Intracranial Electrodes

The contribution of insular cortex to speech production remains unclear and controversial given diverse findings from functional neuroimaging and lesional data. To create a precise spatiotemporal map of insular activity, we performed a series of experiments: single-word articulations of varying complexity, non-speech orofacial movements and speech listening, in a cohort of 27 patients implanted with penetrating intracranial electrodes. The posterior insula was robustly active bilaterally, but after the onset of articulation, during listening to speech and during production of non-speech mouth movements. Preceding articulation there was very sparse activity, localized primarily to the frontal operculum rather than the insula. Posterior insular was active coincident with superior temporal gyrus but was more active for self-generated speech than external speech, the opposite of the superior temporal gyrus. These findings support the conclusion that the insula does not serve pre-articulatory preparatory roles.

Insular Cortex Response to Static Visual Sexual Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Brideau-Duquette ◽  
Olivier Boucher ◽  
Julie Tremblay ◽  
Manon Robert ◽  
Alain Bouthillier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Sexual Stimuli ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Visual Sexual Stimuli ◽  
Intracranial Electrodes ◽  
Intracranial Electroencephalography

Abstract. According to previous research, the insula is important for processing salient and emotional stimuli, but its precise role remains elusive. By combining high spatial and temporal resolution, intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) might contribute to filling this gap. Four drug-resistant epileptic patients with intracranial electrodes in the insula were instructed to watch and rate pictures with sexual content and neutral pictures. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were computed separately for both types of stimuli. Ninety-three percent of the anterior insula (AI) and 85% of the posterior insula (PI) contacts showed differences between ERPs. AI-positive deflections tended to have an earlier onset than PI-positive deflections. The results suggest that the AI generates a P300-like response and contributes to the early phase of the late positive potential, both components found enhanced while viewing emotional stimuli in the ERP literature. The present findings are interpreted as congruent with the role of the AI in maintaining attention to salient stimuli.

scholarly journals Preoperative Electroencephalographic Investigation in Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Electroencephalographic and Electrocorticographic Recordings

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (S4) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. Quesney
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Intracranial Electrodes

ABSTRACT:The first section of this article deals with specific anatomic and pathophysiologic factors which contribute to a poor EEG localization of the interictal epileptic abnormality and to the unreliable seizure onset localization commonly reported in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. The localizing effectiveness of long term EEG monitoring was reviewed in four different groups of frontal lobe epileptic patients who underwent preoperative EEG investigation with extracranial and intracranial electrodes. The results of this study reveal a continuum distribution of interictal epileptic disturbances, ranging from focal abnormalities to lobar or multi-lobar epileptogenesis. A frontal lobe localization of the seizure generator based on ictal recordings obtained with extracranial electrodes is rather poor and much more reliable results can be obtained by depth-electroencephalography.

scholarly journals Insular responses to transient painful and non-painful thermal and mechanical spinothalamic stimuli recorded using intracerebral EEG

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Liberati ◽  
Dounia Mulders ◽  
Maxime Algoet ◽  
Emanuel N. van den Broeke ◽  
Susana Ferrao Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Intracerebral Eeg ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Posterior Insula ◽  
Gamma Band Oscillations ◽  
Similar Processing ◽  
Frequency Phase

AbstractBrief thermo-nociceptive stimuli elicit low-frequency phase-locked local field potentials (LFPs) and high-frequency gamma-band oscillations (GBOs) in the human insula. Although neither of these responses constitute a direct correlate of pain perception, previous findings suggest that insular GBOs may be strongly related to the activation of the spinothalamic system and/or to the processing of thermal information. To disentangle these different features of the stimulation, we compared the insular responses to brief painful thermonociceptive stimuli, non-painful cool stimuli, mechano-nociceptive stimuli, and innocuous vibrotactile stimuli, recorded using intracerebral electroencephalograpic activity in 7 epileptic patients (9 depth electrodes, 58 insular contacts). All four types of stimuli elicited consistent low-frequency phase-locked LFPs throughout the insula, possibly reflecting supramodal activity. The latencies of thermo-nociceptive and cool low-frequency phase-locked LFPs were shorter in the posterior insula compared to the anterior insula, suggesting a similar processing of thermal input initiating in the posterior insula, regardless of whether the input produces pain and regardless of thermal modality. In contrast, only thermo-nociceptive stimuli elicited an enhancement of insular GBOs, suggesting that these activities are not simply related to the activation of the spinothalamic system or to the conveyance of thermal information.

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