scholarly journals Spacing spheroids, curl-up and coiled neuritic plexus of the sacral spinal cord of aged dog: Hypothesis based on continued NADPH diaphorase histological observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunge Jia ◽  
Yinhua Li ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Huibing Tan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Backward Reasoning ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aged Dog ◽  
Sacral Spinal Cord

ABSTRACTNADPH diaphorase (N-d) neurons distribute in spinal cord and function for visceral sensation and autonomic regulation. N-d positive neurons innervate pelvic organs. In previous investigation, we report that aging-related N-d body (ANB) in the lumbosacral spinal cord in aged rat and megaloneurite in the sacral spinal cord in aged dog. This article was a continued data report of aging-related N-d alterations in aged dog. N-d positivity in aged spinal cord has revealed a certain of morphological profiles in the spinal cord of several species. However, we still found some denoted N-d neurodegenerative changes that we failed to notice in our previous studies when re-examination of the sacral spinal cord of aged dog. In the horizontal section, spacing spheroids in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn, curl-up and coiled neurites in the intermediate zone were detected in the sacral spinal cord. The ANB and vacuolar neurite were also detected. Vacuolar degeneration also occurred in the dorsal ganglia at the sacral segment. The curl-up and coiled neurites did not occur in the lumbothoracic segment, but the ANB and vacuolar neurite were scatteringly detected in in the lumbothoracic segment of aged dog. The results suggested that the N-d sensory inputs interrupted and disconnected with integration of autonomic centers and output circuits of regulating urogenital organs during the aging. These specialized profiles were speculated that the N-d neurite deterioration of visceral sensory circuit implicated dysfunction of pelvic organs in the aging. Megaloneurite and fiber dilation may make backward reasoning to N-d fiber architecture under normal condition.

Aberrant reflexes and function of the pelvic organs following spinal cord injury in man

2006 ◽  
Vol 126-127 ◽  
pp. 355-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Craggs ◽  
Amirthe Vernie Balasubramaniam ◽  
Eric A.L. Chung ◽  
Anton V. Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Age-related NADPH-diaphorase positive bodies in the lumbosacral spinal cord of aged rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibing Tan ◽  
Jianwen He ◽  
Songyan Wang ◽  
Kazuho Hirata ◽  
Zhengwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Age Related

Localization of NADPH diaphorase in the lumbosacral spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of the cat

1994 ◽  
Vol 339 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Vizzard ◽  
Susan L. Erdman ◽  
Vickie L. Erickson ◽  
Robert J. Stewart ◽  
James R. Roppolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord

Role of the potassium chloride cotransporter isoform 2-mediated spinal chloride homeostasis in a rat model of visceral hypersensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (9) ◽  
pp. G767-G778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Tang ◽  
Ai-Hua Qian ◽  
Dan-Dan Song ◽  
Qi-Wen Ben ◽  
Wei-Yan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Lamina I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord ◽  
And Function

Visceral hypersensitivity represents an important hallmark in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), of which the mechanisms remain elusive. The present study was designed to examine whether cation-chloride cotransporter (CCC)-mediated chloride (Cl−) homeostasis of the spinal cord is involved in chronic stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Chronic visceral hypersensitivity was induced by exposing male Wistar rats to water avoidance stress (WAS). RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of CCCs in the spinal cord. Patch-clamp recordings were performed on adult spinal cord slices to evaluate Cl− homeostasis and Cl− extrusion capacity of lamina I neurons. Visceral sensitivity was estimated by measuring the abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distension (CRD). After 10 days of WAS exposure, levels of both total protein and the oligomeric form of the K+-Cl− cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2), but not Na+-K+-2Cl− transporter isoform 1 (NKCC1), were significantly decreased in the dorsal horn of the lumbosacral spinal cord. The downregulation of KCC2 resulted in a depolarizing shifted equilibrium potential of GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic current and impaired Cl− extrusion capacity in lamina I neurons of the lumbosacral spinal cord from WAS rats. Acute noxious CRD disrupted spinal KCC2 expression and function 2 h after the final distention in sham rats, but not in WAS rats. Pharmacological blockade of KCC2 activity by intrathecal injection of a KCC2 inhibitor [(dihydroindenyl)oxy] alkanoic acid enhanced visceral nociceptive sensitivity in sham rats, but not in WAS rats. These results suggest that KCC2 downregulation-mediated impairment of spinal cord Cl− homeostasis may play an important role in chronic stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity.

scholarly journals De novo aging-related megaloneurites: alteration of NADPH diaphorase positivity in the sacral spinal cord of the aged dog

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinhua Li ◽  
Yunge Jia ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Zichun Wei ◽  
Xiaoxin Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus ◽  
Afferent Projections ◽  
Adjacent Segments ◽  
Sacral Spinal Cord

AbstractThe aging-related changes of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the spinal cord were studied in aged dogs. At all levels of the spinal cord examined, NADPH-d activities were present in neurons and fibers in the superficial dorsal horn, dorsal commissure and in neurons around the central canal. In addition, the sympathetic autonomic nucleus in the thoracic and rostral lumbar segments exhibited prominent NADPH-d cellular staining whereas the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) in the sacral segments was not well stained. Interestingly, we found abundant NADPH-d positive enlarged-diameter fibers termed megaloneurite, which characteristically occurred in the aged sacral segments, distributed in the dorsal gray commissure (DGC), lateral collateral pathway (LCP) the lateral fasciculi and the central canal compared with the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments. The dense, abnormal NADPH-d megaloneurites occurred in extending from dorsal entry zone through lamina I along with the lateral boundary of the dorsal horn to the region of the SPN. These fibers were prominent in the S1-S3 segments but not in adjacent segments L5-L7 and Cx1 or in thoracolumbar segments and cervical segments. Double staining with GFAP, NeuN, CGRP, MAP2 and Iba1, NADPH-d megaloneurite colocalized with vasoactive intestinal peptide. Presumably, the megaloneurites may represent, in part, visceral afferent projections to the SPN and/or DGC. The NADPH-d megaloneurites in the aged sacral spinal cord indicated some anomalous changes in the neurites, which might account for a disturbance in the aging pathway of the autonomic and sensory nerve in the pelvic visceral organs.

scholarly journals Dual forms of aging-related NADPH diaphorase neurodegeneration in the sacral spinal cord of aged non-human primates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinhua Li ◽  
Zichun Wei ◽  
Yunge Jia ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Root Entry Zone ◽  
Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus ◽  
Gracile Nucleus ◽  
Gray Matters ◽  
Dual Forms ◽  
Sacral Spinal Cord

AbstractWe discovered two different anomalous NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) positive alterations, which were expressed as aging-related NADPH-d positive spheroidal bodies and megaloneurites specially distributed in the superficial dorsal horn, dorsal gray commissure (DGC), lateral collateral pathway (LCP) and sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) in the aged monkeys’ sacral spinal cord, compared with the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments. In the gracile nucleus of aged monkeys, only aging-related spheroidal bodies were observed and no megaloneurites occurred. The dense, abnormal NADPH-d positive megaloneurites, extremely different from regular NADPH-d positive fibers, were prominent in the sacral segments and occurred in extending from Lissauer’s tract (LT) through lamina I along the lateral boundary of the dorsal horn to the region of the SPN. Meanwhile, large diameter punctate NADPH-d activity occurred and scattered in the lateral white matter of the LCP and dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) at the same level of NADPH-d abnormality in the gray matters. Those dot-like NADPH-d alterations were examined by horizontal sectioning and indicated ascending or descending oriental fibers. These NADPH-d megaloneurites had the same composition as the punctate NADPH-d alterations and were co-localized with the VIP immunoreaction, while the ANBs did not coexist with the VIP immunoreaction. Both ANBs and megaloneurites provide consistent evidence that the anomalous neuritic alterations in the aged sacral spinal cord are referred to as a specialized aging marker in the pelvic visceral organs in non-human primates.

Novel Morphological Alteration and Neural Pathway of NADPH Diaphorase Positivity in the Spinal Cord with Disc Herniation of Aged Dog: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinhua Li ◽  
Yunge Jia ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Huibing Tan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Disc Herniation ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus ◽  
Trigeminal Nucleus ◽  
Neural Pathway ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Disc ◽  
Collateral Pathway ◽  
Spinal Disc Herniation

Neuronal lesion or injury is a traditional approach to investigate neural circuit. Is any new neural pathway or new neurodegeneration related central nerve system injury? Spinal disc herniation can cause the spinal cord injury. However, the histological examination is still lack. It happened that a case of spinal disc herniation of a 10-year old dog was examined with NADPH diaphorase (N-d) histology. We did not find the N-d neurodegenerative aberrant in the tissue of the mid-rostral lumber segment besides the metamorphoses by the compression of the disc herniation. However, the severe neuropathological changes majorly occurred in the lumbosacral spinal cord. We found more diverse neurodegenerative alterations: the aging-related N-d body (ANB), megaloneurite and N-d homogeneous formazan globule in the lumbosacral spinal cord. We also found that a new circuit pathway (intermedial collateral pathway) showed by a megaloneurite between the lateral collateral pathway and the medial collateral pathway. The enormous notch caused by spinal disc herniation located at the mid-rostral lumber segments. The aging-related neurodegeneration occurred the specific lumbosacral segments. The homogeneous formazan globule was round or oval homogeneous N-d positivity which distributed in the gray matter and dorsal column. In the medulla oblongata, ANBs were revealed in the gracile nucleus, nucleus reticularis lateralis (ventrolateral spinal trigeminal nucleus) and middle of the spinal trigeminal nucleus.

scholarly journals Megaloneurite, a giant neurite of vasoactive intestinal peptide and nitric oxide synthase in the aged dog and identification by human sacral spinal cord

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinhua Li ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Yunge Jia ◽  
Chenxu Rao ◽  
Zichun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Aged Dog ◽  
Sacral Spinal Cord

AbstractMegaloneurite of NADPH diaphorase (NADPH-d) positivity is a new kind of aging-related neurodegeneration and also co-localized with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the sacral spinal cord of aged dog and monkey. However, no immunocytochemistry of VIP was exclusively tested in the aged dog and no evidence has been reported in the aged human spinal cord. Aged dogs were used to examine the distribution of VIP immunopositivity in the sacral spinal cord. Immunocytochemistry of VIP and alpha-synuclein were also examined in the aged human spinal cord. The VIP immunopositivity in aged dog was reconfirmed our previous finding illustrated by immunofluorescent study. Megalogneurite was also identified by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreaction in aged dog. The VIP positive megaloneurites both in age dog and human were detected in dorsal root entry zoon, Lissauer’s tract, dorsal commissural nucleus and anterior commissural gray as well as in the lateral funiculus of the sacral spinal cord exclusive of other segments of spinal cord. Alpha-synuclein positivity was present mini-aggregation and Lewy body in the sacral spinal cord of aged human, that also occurred in the lumber, thoracic and cervical spinal cord. It was firstly tested that VIP megaloneurites occurred in the aged human sacral spinal cord, especially in the white matter. Megaloneurites identified by NADPH-d-VIP-NOS immunoreaction could implicate for the dysfunction of pelvic organs in the aged human being.

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