Identification of Putative Cell Wall Synthesis Genes in Betula pendula

AbstractCellulose is an essential structural component of the plant cell wall and is an important resource for the production of paper, textiles, bioplastics and other biomaterials. The synthesis of cellulose is among the most important but poorly understood biochemical processes, which is precisely regulated by internal and external cues. Here we identified 46 gene models in 7 gene families which encoding cellulose synthase and related enzymes of Betula pendula, and the transcript abundance of these genes in xylem, root, leaf and flower tissues also be determined. Based on these RNA-seq data, we have identified 8 genes that most likely participate in cell wall synthesis. In parallel, a gene co-expression network was also constructed based on transcriptome sequencing.FundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 31870659, The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, grant number 2572019CG08 funded this research and Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program (Tree Genetics and Breeding Innovation Team).Conflicts of interest / Competing interestsThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.Consent to participateNot applicable.Consent for publicationNot applicable.Availability of data and materialAll data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.Code availabilityNot applicable.Authors’ contributionsAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Song Chen. Conceived and supervised were performed by Xiyang Zhao and Su Chen.

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Identification of Putative Cell Wall Synthesis Genes in Betula pendula

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33560/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Song Chen ◽

Xiyang Zhao ◽

Su Chen

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Transcriptome Sequencing ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Gene Families ◽

Transcript Abundance ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Cell Wall Synthesis ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

External Cues

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Identification of Putative Cell Wall Synthesis Genes in Betula pendula

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33560/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Song Chen ◽

Xin Lin ◽

Xiyang Zhao ◽

Su Chen

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Secondary Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Gene Families ◽

Cellulose Synthase ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Cell Wall Synthesis ◽

Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis

Abstract BackgroundCellulose is an essential structural component of plant cell wall and is an important resource to produce paper, textiles, bioplastics and other biomaterials. The synthesis of cellulose is among the most important but poorly understood biochemical processes, which is precisely regulated by internal and external cues.ResultsHere, we identified 46 gene models in 7 gene families which encoding cellulose synthase and related enzymes of Betula pendula, and the transcript abundance of these genes in xylem, root, leaf and flower tissues also be determined. Based on these RNA-seq data, we have identified 8 genes that most likely participate in secondary cell wall synthesis, which include 3 cellulose synthase genes and 5 cellulose synthase-like genes. In parallel, a gene co-expression network was also constructed based on transcriptome sequencing.ConclusionsIn this study, we have identified a total of 46 cell wall synthesis genes in B. pendula, which include 8 secondary cell wall synthesis genes. These analyses will help decipher the genetic information of the cell wall synthesis genes, elucidate the molecular mechanism of cellulose synthesis and understand the cell wall structure in B. pendula.

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Subcellular coordination of plant cell wall synthesis

Developmental Cell ◽

10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Hoffmann ◽

Samuel King ◽

A. Lacey Samuels ◽

Heather E. McFarlane

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Cell Wall Synthesis

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Phenylpropanoid Pathway Engineering: An Emerging Approach towards Plant Defense

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9040312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 312 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vivek Yadav ◽

Zhongyuan Wang ◽

Chunhua Wei ◽

Aduragbemi Amo ◽

Bilal Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Defense ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Shikimate Pathway ◽

Gene Families ◽

Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽

Pathway Engineering ◽

Multiple Gene ◽

Regulator Genes ◽

Microbial Attack

Pathogens hitting the plant cell wall is the first impetus that triggers the phenylpropanoid pathway for plant defense. The phenylpropanoid pathway bifurcates into the production of an enormous array of compounds based on the few intermediates of the shikimate pathway in response to cell wall breaches by pathogens. The whole metabolomic pathway is a complex network regulated by multiple gene families and it exhibits refined regulatory mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. The pathway genes are involved in the production of anti-microbial compounds as well as signaling molecules. The engineering in the metabolic pathway has led to a new plant defense system of which various mechanisms have been proposed including salicylic acid and antimicrobial mediated compounds. In recent years, some key players like phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PALs) from the phenylpropanoid pathway are proposed to have broad spectrum disease resistance (BSR) without yield penalties. Now we have more evidence than ever, yet little understanding about the pathway-based genes that orchestrate rapid, coordinated induction of phenylpropanoid defenses in response to microbial attack. It is not astonishing that mutants of pathway regulator genes can show conflicting results. Therefore, precise engineering of the pathway is an interesting strategy to aim at profitably tailored plants. Here, this review portrays the current progress and challenges for phenylpropanoid pathway-based resistance from the current prospective to provide a deeper understanding.

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Direct evidence for a new mode of plant defense against insects via a novel polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein expression strategy

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.ra120.014027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 295 (33) ◽

pp. 11833-11844

Author(s):

Wiebke Haeger ◽

Jana Henning ◽

David G. Heckel ◽

Yannick Pauchet ◽

Roy Kirsch

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Defense ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Larval Growth ◽

Gene Families ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharide ◽

In Planta

Plant cell wall–associated polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They play a crucial role in plant defense against phytopathogens by inhibiting microbial polygalacturonases (PGs). PGs hydrolyze the cell wall polysaccharide pectin and are among the first enzymes to be secreted during plant infection. Recent studies demonstrated that herbivorous insects express their own PG multi-gene families, raising the question whether PGIPs also inhibit insect PGs and protect plants from herbivores. Preliminary evidence suggested that PGIPs may negatively influence larval growth of the leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and identified BrPGIP3 from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) as a candidate. PGIPs are predominantly studied in planta because their heterologous expression in microbial systems is problematic and instability and aggregation of recombinant PGIPs has complicated in vitro inhibition assays. To minimize aggregate formation, we heterologously expressed BrPGIP3 fused to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchor, immobilizing it on the extracellular surface of insect cells. We demonstrated that BrPGIP3_GPI inhibited several P. cochleariae PGs in vitro, providing the first direct evidence of an interaction between a plant PGIP and an animal PG. Thus, plant PGIPs not only confer resistance against phytopathogens, but may also aid in defense against herbivorous beetles.

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