scholarly journals Callose deposition is essential for the completion of cytokinesis in the unicellular alga, Penium margaritaceum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destiny J. Davis ◽  
Minmin Wang ◽  
Iben Sørensen ◽  
Jocelyn K.C. Rose ◽  
David S. Domozych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Wall Assembly

AbstractCytokinesis in land plants involves the formation of a cell plate that develops into the new cell wall. Callose is a β-1,3 glucan that transiently accumulates at later stages of cell plate development and is thought to stabilize the delicate membrane network of the cell plate as it expands. Cytokinetic callose deposition is currently considered specific to multicellular plant species as it has not been detected in unicellular algae. Here we present callose at the cytokinesis junction of the unicellular charophyte, Penium margaritaceum. Notably, callose deposition at the division plane of P. margaritaceum showed distinct, spatiotemporal patterns that could represent distinct roles of this polymer in cytokinesis and cell wall assembly. Pharmacological inhibition of cytokinetic callose deposition by Endosidin 7 treatment resulted in cytokinesis defects, consistent with the essential role for this polymer in P. margaritaceum cell division. Cell wall deposition and assembly at the isthmus zone was also affected by the absence of callose, demonstrating the dynamic nature of new wall assembly in P. margaritaceum. The identification of candidate callose synthase genes provides molecular evidence for callose biosynthesis in P. margaritaceum. The evolutionary implications of cytokinetic callose in this unicellular Zygnematopycean alga is discussed in the context of the conquest of land by plants.Summary StatementEvolutionarily conserved callose in Penium margaritaceum is essential for the completion of cytokinesis.

scholarly journals Callose deposition is essential for the completion of cytokinesis in the unicellular alga Penium margaritaceum

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (19) ◽  
pp. jcs249599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Destiny J. Davis ◽  
Minmin Wang ◽  
Iben Sørensen ◽  
Jocelyn K. C. Rose ◽  
David S. Domozych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Division Plane ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

ABSTRACTCytokinesis in land plants involves the formation of a cell plate that develops into the new cell wall. Callose, a β-1,3 glucan, accumulates at later stages of cell plate development, presumably to stabilize this delicate membrane network during expansion. Cytokinetic callose is considered specific to multicellular plant species, because it has not been detected in unicellular algae. Here we present callose at the cytokinesis junction of the unicellular charophyte, Penium margaritaceum. Callose deposition at the division plane of P. margaritaceum showed distinct, spatiotemporal patterns likely representing distinct roles of this polymer in cytokinesis. Pharmacological inhibition of callose deposition by endosidin 7 resulted in cytokinesis defects, consistent with the essential role for this polymer in P. margaritaceum cell division. Cell wall deposition at the isthmus zone was also affected by the absence of callose, demonstrating the dynamic nature of new wall assembly in P. margaritaceum. The identification of candidate callose synthase genes provides molecular evidence for callose biosynthesis in P. margaritaceum. The evolutionary implications of cytokinetic callose in this unicellular zygnematopycean alga is discussed in the context of the conquest of land by plants.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation-dependent activation of the cell wall synthase PBP2a in Streptococcus pneumoniae by MacP

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 2812-2817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Fenton ◽  
Sylvie Manuse ◽  
Josué Flores-Kim ◽  
Pierre Simon Garcia ◽  
Chryslène Mercy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Division Site ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Wall Assembly

Most bacterial cells are surrounded by an essential cell wall composed of the net-like heteropolymer peptidoglycan (PG). Growth and division of bacteria are intimately linked to the expansion of the PG meshwork and the construction of a cell wall septum that separates the nascent daughter cells. Class A penicillin-binding proteins (aPBPs) are a major family of PG synthases that build the wall matrix. Given their central role in cell wall assembly and importance as drug targets, surprisingly little is known about how the activity of aPBPs is controlled to properly coordinate cell growth and division. Here, we report the identification of MacP (SPD_0876) as a membrane-anchored cofactor of PBP2a, an aPBP synthase of the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. We show that MacP localizes to the division site of S. pneumoniae, forms a complex with PBP2a, and is required for the in vivo activity of the synthase. Importantly, MacP was also found to be a substrate for the kinase StkP, a global cell cycle regulator. Although StkP has been implicated in controlling the balance between the elongation and septation modes of cell wall synthesis, none of its substrates are known to modulate PG synthetic activity. Here we show that a phosphoablative substitution in MacP that blocks StkP-mediated phosphorylation prevents PBP2a activity without affecting the MacP–PBP2a interaction. Our results thus reveal a direct connection between PG synthase function and the control of cell morphogenesis by the StkP regulatory network.

The role of the exocytic pathway in cell wall assembly in yeast

Yeast ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingguo Guo ◽  
Na Meng ◽  
Guanzhi Fan ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Yuan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
Exocytic Pathway

scholarly journals Properties of Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs) in Apple (Malus × Domestica) Fruit at Different Stages of Ripening

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Agata Leszczuk ◽  
Justyna Cybulska ◽  
Tomasz Skrzypek ◽  
Artur Zdunek
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Arabinogalactan Proteins ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Fruit Storage ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Wall Assembly

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are constituents of the cell wall–plasma membrane continuum in fruit tissue. The aim of the study was to characterise AGPs contained in fruit by determination of their chemical structure and morphological properties. The results were obtained from in and ex situ investigations and a comparative analysis of AGPs present in Malus × domestica fruit at different stages of ripening from green fruit through the mature stage to over-ripening during fruit storage. The HPLC and colorimetric methods were used for analyses of the composition of monosaccharides and proteins in AGPs extracted from fruit. We have found that AGPs from fruit mainly consists of carbohydrate chains composed predominantly of arabinose, galactose, glucose, galacturonic acid, and xylose. The protein moiety accounts for 3.15–4.58%, which depends on the various phases of ripening. Taken together, our results show that the structural and morphological properties of AGPs and calcium concentration in AGPs are related to the progress of ripening, which is correlated with proper fruit cell wall assembly. In line with the existing knowledge, our data confirmed the typical carbohydrate composition of AGPs and may be the basis for studies regarding their presumed properties of binding calcium ions.

scholarly journals Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Has Multiple Prolyl 4-Hydroxylases, One of Which Is Essential for Proper Cell Wall Assembly

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriina Keskiaho ◽  
Reija Hieta ◽  
Raija Sormunen ◽  
Johanna Myllyharju
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Wall Assembly

Do polyamines contribute to plant cell wall assembly by forming amide bonds with pectins?

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (21) ◽  
pp. 2581-2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Lenucci ◽  
Gabriella Piro ◽  
Janice G. Miller ◽  
Giuseppe Dalessandro ◽  
Stephen C. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Amide Bonds ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Wall Assembly

scholarly journals Assemblies of DivIVA Mark Sites for Hyphal Branching and Can Establish New Zones of Cell Wall Growth in Streptomyces coelicolor

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (22) ◽  
pp. 7579-7583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Marie Hempel ◽  
Sheng-bing Wang ◽  
Michal Letek ◽  
José A. Gil ◽  
Klas Flärdh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Peptidoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Wall Growth ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Wall Assembly ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

ABSTRACT Time-lapse imaging of Streptomyces hyphae revealed foci of the essential protein DivIVA at sites where lateral branches will emerge. Overexpression experiments showed that DivIVA foci can trigger establishment of new zones of cell wall assembly, suggesting a key role of DivIVA in directing peptidoglycan synthesis and cell shape in Streptomyces.

Cell wall assembly ofNeurospora crassa: Isolation and analysis of cell wall-less mutants

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Phelps ◽  
Tracey Stark ◽  
Claude P. Selitrennikoff
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Assembly ◽  
Ofneurospora Crassa ◽  
Wall Assembly
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