scholarly journals Tyramine receptor drives olfactory response to (E)-2-decenal in the stink bug Halyomorpha halys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Finetti ◽  
Marco Pezzi ◽  
Stefano Civolani ◽  
Girolamo Calò ◽  
Chiara Scapoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Pheromone Reception

AbstractIn insects, the tyramine receptor 1 (TAR1) has been shown to control several physiological functions, including olfaction. We investigated the molecular and functional profile of the Halyomorpha halys type 1 tyramine receptor gene (HhTAR1) and its role in olfactory functions of this pest. Molecular and pharmacological analyses confirmed that the HhTAR1 gene codes for a true TAR1. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that HhTAR1 is expressed mostly in adult brain and antennae as well as in early development stages (eggs, 1st and 2nd instar nymphs). In particular, among the antennomeres that compose a typical H. halys antenna, HhTAR1 was more expressed in flagellomeres. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation revealed the type and distribution of sensilla on adult H. halys antennae: both flagellomeres appear rich in trichoid and grooved sensilla, known to be associated with olfactory functions. Through a RNAi approach, topically delivered HhTAR1 dsRNA induced a 50 % gene downregulation after 24 h in H. halys 2nd instar nymphs. An innovative behavioral assay revealed that HhTAR1 RNAi-silenced 2nd instar nymphs were less susceptible to the alarm pheromone component (E)-2 decenal as compared to control. These results provide critical information concerning the TAR1 role in olfaction regulation, especially alarm pheromone reception, in H. halys. Furthermore, considering the emerging role of TAR1 as target of biopesticides, this work paves the way for further investigation on innovative methods for controlling H. halys.

scholarly journals Halyomorpha halys TAR1 characterization revealed its involvement in (E)-2-decenal pheromone perception

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.238816
Author(s):  
Luca Finetti ◽  
Marco Pezzi ◽  
Stefano Civolani ◽  
Girolamo Calò ◽  
Chiara Scapoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Pheromone Reception ◽  
Pheromone Perception

In insects, the tyramine receptor 1 (TAR1) has been shown to control several physiological functions, including olfaction. We investigated the molecular and functional profile of the Halyomorpha halys type 1 tyramine receptor gene (HhTAR1) and its role in olfactory functions of this pest. Molecular and pharmacological analyses confirmed that the HhTAR1 gene codes for a true TAR1. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed that HhTAR1 is expressed mostly in adult brain and antennae as well as in early development stages (eggs, 1st and 2nd instar nymphs). In particular, among the antennomeres that compose a typical H. halys antenna, HhTAR1 was more expressed in flagellomeres. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation revealed the type and distribution of sensilla on adult H. halys antennae: both flagellomeres appear rich in trichoid and grooved sensilla, known to be associated with olfactory functions. Through a RNAi approach, topically delivered HhTAR1 dsRNA induced a 50 % gene downregulation after 24 h in H. halys 2nd instar nymphs. An innovative behavioral assay revealed that HhTAR1 RNAi-silenced 2nd instar nymphs were less susceptible to the alarm pheromone component (E)-2 decenal as compared to control. These results provide critical information concerning the TAR1 role in olfaction regulation, especially alarm pheromone reception, in H. halys. Furthermore, considering the emerging role of TAR1 as target of biopesticides, this work opens the way for further investigation on innovative methods for controlling H. halys.

Role of genetic variation in the cannabinoid type 1 receptor gene (CNR1) in the pathophysiology of human obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorit Schleinitz ◽  
Solveig Carmienke ◽  
Yvonne Böttcher ◽  
Anke Tönjes ◽  
Janin Berndt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor

scholarly journals Identification of a Subset of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Strains Able To Exploit an Alternative Coreceptor on Untransformed Human Brain and Lymphoid Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 6138-6152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Willey ◽  
Jacqueline D. Reeves ◽  
Richard Hudson ◽  
Koichi Miyake ◽  
Nathalie Dejucq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chemokine Receptors ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Siv Infection

ABSTRACT The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). At least 12 other chemokine receptors or close relatives support infection by particular HIV and SIV strains on CD4+ transformed indicator cell lines in vitro. However, the role of these alternative coreceptors in vivo is presently thought to be insignificant. Infection of cell lines expressing high levels of recombinant CD4 and coreceptors thus does not provide a true indication of coreceptor use in vivo. We therefore tested primary untransformed cell cultures that lack CCR5 and CXCR4, including astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), for naturally expressed alternative coreceptors functional for HIV and SIV infection. An adenovirus vector (Ad-CD4) was used to express CD4 in CD4− astrocytes and thus confer efficient infection if a functional coreceptor is present. Using a large panel of viruses with well-defined coreceptor usage, we identified a subset of HIV and SIV strains able to infect two astrocyte cultures derived from adult brain tissue. Astrocyte infection was partially inhibited by several chemokines, indicating a role for the chemokine receptor family in the observed infection. BMVECs were weakly positive for CD4 but negative for CCR5 and CXCR4 and were susceptible to infection by the same subset of isolates that infected astrocytes. BMVEC infection was efficiently inhibited by the chemokine vMIP-I, implicating one of its receptors as an alternative coreceptor for HIV and SIV infection. Furthermore, we tested whether the HIV type 1 and type 2 strains identified were able to infect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via an alternative coreceptor. Several strains replicated in Δ32/Δ32 CCR5 PBMCs with CXCR4 blocked by AMD3100. This AMD3100-resistant replication was also sensitive to vMIP-I inhibition. The nature and potential role of this alternative coreceptor(s) in HIV infection in vivo is discussed.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF TRPA1 RECEPTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
M.A. Petrushenko ◽  
◽  
E.A. Petrushenko ◽  
E.A. Lukyanetz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Peripheral Sensory ◽  
Structure Properties

In mammals, the ankyrin ionotropic transient receptor potential type 1 (TRPA1) is the only member of the TRPA receptor gene subfamily. It is defined as a target for damaging and inflammatory effects in peripheral sensory neurons, which implies its functional role in the development of pain and neurogenic inflammation. Experimental studies indicate that calcium permeable non-selective ion receptor channel TRPA1 is activated by a number of exogenous irritant compounds, factors including low temperatures. This review describes the structure, properties, and physiological role of TRPA1 receptors.

scholarly journals Cannibalism in the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Giulia Papa ◽  
Ilaria Negri
Keyword(s):  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Intraspecific Predation ◽  
Evolutionary Advantage ◽  
Cannibalistic Behaviour ◽  
Physiological Demands ◽  
Aggregative Behaviour

The phytophagous brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is known to exhibit cannibalistic behaviour towards eggs. Here, we provide evidence of cannibalism among overwintering H. halys adults. Since diapausing individuals have high physiological demands for surviving long periods under stressful conditions, including the risk of depletion of metabolic reserves and desiccation, we assumed that nutritional and water requirements can be met by intraspecific predation. The role of aggregative behaviour in promoting cannibalism is also discussed. Given its evolutionary advantage, this trait should be maintained over generations and may be more widespread than previously considered in species that display aggregative behaviour during adverse seasons.

scholarly journals Evaluation of preference of brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) for different colour bell peppers and the role of plant protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372
Author(s):  
Melvin Mensah-Bonsu ◽  
Beatrice N. Dingha ◽  
Louis E. N. Jackai ◽  
Sarah Adjei-Fremah ◽  
Mulumebet Worku
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protein ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Bell Peppers
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