scholarly journals Environmental drivers of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 transmission in England, October to December 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Smith ◽  
Ilaria Dorigatti ◽  
Swapnil Mishra ◽  
Erik Volz ◽  
Patrick G. T. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Public Health Interventions

AbstractPrevious work has shown that environment affects SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but it is unclear whether emerging strains show similar responses. Here we show that lineage B.1.1.7 spread with greater transmission in colder and more densely populated parts of England. We also find evidence of B.1.1.7’s transmission advantage at warmer temperatures versus other strains, implying that spring conditions may facilitate B.1.1.7’s invasion in Europe and across the Northern hemisphere, undermining the effectiveness of public health interventions.

scholarly journals PHIs in the investigation of environmental drivers of elevated blood lead

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Esther Tong ◽  
Tom Kosatsky
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Public Health Interventions

As more provinces and territories consider requiring the reporting to public health of clinical blood lead analyses, it is clear that public health inspectors (PHIs) have an important role to play in investigating higher-level results. The familiarity of PHIs with interviewing, inspections, and environmental sampling allows for the extension of their skills and knowledge to support effective investigations and public health interventions on behavioural and environmental sources of lead exposure. Here we review the steps involved in investigating higher-level blood lead reports and the roles and limits of PHI involvement in those investigations.

ENVIRONMENTAL DRIVERS OF ROSS RIVER VIRUS IN SOUTH-EAST TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA: TOWARDS STRENGTHENING PUBLIC HEALTH INTERVENTIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Werner ◽  
Sarah Goater ◽  
Scott Carver ◽  
Greg Robertson ◽  
Geoff Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Public Health Interventions

scholarly journals Environmental drivers of Ross River virus in southeastern Tasmania, Australia: towards strengthening public health interventions

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. WERNER ◽  
S. GOATER ◽  
S. CARVER ◽  
G. ROBERTSON ◽  
G. R. ALLEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Ross River Virus ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Lag Period

SUMMARYIn Australia, Ross River virus (RRV) is predominantly identified and managed through passive health surveillance. Here, the proactive use of environmental datasets to improve community-scale public health interventions in southeastern Tasmania is explored. Known environmental drivers (temperature, rainfall, tide) of the RRV vector Aedes camptorhynchus are analysed against cumulative case records for five adjacent local government areas (LGAs) from 1993 to 2009. Allowing for a 0- to 3-month lag period, temperature was the most significant driver of RRV cases at 1-month lag, contributing to a 23·2% increase in cases above the long-term case average. The potential for RRV to become an emerging public health issue in Tasmania due to projected climate changes is discussed. Moreover, practical outputs from this research are proposed including the development of an early warning system for local councils to implement preventative measures, such as public outreach and mosquito spray programmes.

scholarly journals An analysis of COVID-19 clusters in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Sengupta ◽  
Bhaswati Ganguli ◽  
Sugata SenRoy ◽  
Aditya Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Homogeneous Groups

Abstract Background In this study we cluster the districts of India in terms of the spread of COVID-19 and related variables such as population density and the number of specialty hospitals. Simulation using a compartment model is used to provide insight into differences in response to public health interventions. Two case studies of interest from Nizamuddin and Dharavi provide contrasting pictures of the success in curbing spread. Methods A cluster analysis of the worst affected districts in India provides insight about the similarities between them. The effects of public health interventions in flattening the curve in their respective states is studied using the individual contact SEIQHRF model, a stochastic individual compartment model which simulates disease prevalence in the susceptible, infected, recovered and fatal compartments. Results The clustering of hotspot districts provide homogeneous groups that can be discriminated in terms of number of cases and related covariates. The cluster analysis reveal that the distribution of number of COVID-19 hospitals in the districts does not correlate with the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases. From the SEIQHRF model for Nizamuddin we observe in the second phase the number of infected individuals had seen a multitudinous increase in the states where Nizamuddin attendees returned, increasing the risk of the disease spread. However, the simulations reveal that implementing administrative interventions, flatten the curve. In Dharavi, through tracing, tracking, testing and treating, massive breakout of COVID-19 was brought under control. Conclusions The cluster analysis performed on the districts reveal homogeneous groups of districts that can be ranked based on the burden placed on the healthcare system in terms of number of confirmed cases, population density and number of hospitals dedicated to COVID-19 treatment. The study rounds up with two important case studies on Nizamuddin basti and Dharavi to illustrate the growth curve of COVID-19 in two very densely populated regions in India. In the case of Nizamuddin, the study showed that there was a manifold increase in the risk of infection. In contrast it is seen that there was a rapid decline in the number of cases in Dharavi within a span of about one month.

scholarly journals Impact of reduction of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 on epidemic dynamics in four early-seeded metropolitan regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Barrett ◽  
Karen C. Patterson ◽  
Timothy M. James ◽  
Peter Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics

AbstractAs we enter a chronic phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with uncontrolled infection rates in many places, relative regional susceptibilities are a critical unknown for policy planning. Tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection or antibodies are indicative but unreliable measures of exposure. Here instead, for four highly-affected countries, we determine population susceptibilities by directly comparing country-wide observed epidemic dynamics data with that of their main metropolitan regions. We find significant susceptibility reductions in the metropolitan regions as a result of earlier seeding, with a relatively longer phase of exponential growth before the introduction of public health interventions. During the post-growth phase, the lower susceptibility of these regions contributed to the decline in cases, independent of intervention effects. Forward projections indicate that non-metropolitan regions will be more affected during recurrent epidemic waves compared with the initially heavier-hit metropolitan regions. Our findings have consequences for disease forecasts and resource utilisation.

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