scholarly journals Identification of antigenic epitopes on the F and G glycoproteins of bovine respiratory syncytial virus and in vitro assessment of their synthetic peptide vaccine potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L Lemon ◽  
Alastair J Douglas ◽  
Ultan L Power ◽  
Michael J McMenamy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Vaccine Potential ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Antigenic Epitopes

Globally, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the principal reason for mortality of calves over one month of age despite the availability of various vaccines on the UK market. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was first discovered in the 1970s and is now considered a principal pathogen implicated in the disease complex. Outbreaks occur annually and re-infections are common even in the presence of maternal antibodies. Difficulties have arisen from using both live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines and recent efforts have focused on the development of sub-unit vaccines that are suitable for use in neonatal calves with maternally-derived circulating antibodies. This study was undertaken to identify antigenic epitopes on two of the surface glycoproteins of BRSV, the fusion (F) and attachment (G) proteins, the major surface viral antigens, for inclusion into a novel subunit peptide vaccine. Sequencing and antigenicity prediction of the F and G genes of BRSV revealed 21 areas of potential antigenicity; of which genuine peptide/antisera binding occurred with 4 peptides. Identification of the antigenic components of a vaccine is an important first step in the development of novel BRSV vaccines and this data, therefore, provides the basis for the generation of such vaccines.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a live intranasal vaccine against parainfluenza type 3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in young calves with maternally derived antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000429
Author(s):  
Lucy Metcalfe ◽  
Mathieu Chevalier ◽  
Marie-Pascale Tiberghien ◽  
Edmond Jolivet ◽  
Milan Huňady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Clinical Scores ◽  
Challenge Study ◽  
Unvaccinated Control ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Type 3

Trial designTwo randomised controlled vaccination trials with artificial challenges were carried out in addition to a serological survey of levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) to parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI3V) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in European calves.ParticipantsTen-day-old calves with and without MDA were included in the two vaccine trials.InterventionsIntranasal administration of a bivalent modified live (PI3V/BRSV) vaccine followed by artificial challenge approximately three months post vaccination.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the efficacy of a modified live respiratory vaccine, Bovalto Respi Intranasal (Boehringer Ingelheim). In order to assess the interference of MDA, both seropositive and seronegative calves were used.RandomisationPI3V and BRSV serological status was determined seven days before vaccination; calves without maternal antibodies became the MDA− vaccinates. Calves with MDA were ranked according to individual titres and allocated alternately to MDA+ vaccinate and MDA+ control groups.BlindingTreatment was carried out by the unblinded study director. Animal care and veterinary examinations were conducted by personnel unaware of the treatments received. The serological survey used blood samples obtained from calves on commercial farms in five European countries, Germany, Spain, Italy, Ireland and the UK, to determine the levels of MDA to PI3V and BRSV in calves approximately two weeks of age.ResultsA total of 36 calves were included in the two challenge studies and 32 of these completed the challenge studies. Twenty-one calves were included in the PI3V challenge study, with six of six MDA− and six of seven MDA+ vaccinated calves and five of five MDA+ unvaccinated control calves being challenged with PI3V. Fifteen calves were included in the BRSV challenge study, with five of five MDA− and five of five MDA+ vaccinated calves and five of five MDA+ unvaccinated control calves being challenged with BRSV.OutcomeFor both challenges, clinical scores and nasal shedding were significantly higher in control animals compared with vaccinates (PI3V challenge: clinical scores P=0.001, nasal shedding P=0.001; BRSV challenge: clinical scores P=0.016, nasal shedding P=0.002) and not significantly different between MDA+ and MDA− vaccinated animals for both challenges (P>0.05). A total of 254 samples from six countries were tested in the serological survey of MDA.ConclusionThe results of the challenge studies demonstrated the efficacy of the vaccine in the presence of BRSV and PI3V MDA under laboratory conditions. The field assessment confirmed that the MDA titres in the MDA+ calves corresponded to those typically found on farms.

scholarly journals Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Histophilus somni Interaction at the Alveolar Barrier

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2592-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Agnes ◽  
B. Zekarias ◽  
M. Shao ◽  
M. L. Anderson ◽  
L. J. Gershwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACTOur previous studies showed thatHistophilus somniand bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) act synergisticallyin vivoto cause more severe bovine respiratory disease than either agent alone causes. SinceH. somnisurface and secreted immunoglobulin binding protein A (IbpA) causes retraction of bovine alveolar type 2 (BAT2) cells and invasion between BAT2 cellsin vitro, we investigated mechanisms of BRSV-plus-H. somniinfection at the alveolar barrier. BRSV treatment of BAT2 cells prior to treatment with IbpA-richH. somniconcentrated culture supernatant (CCS) resulted in increased BAT2 cell rounding and retraction compared to those with either treatment alone. This mimicked the increased alveolar cell thickening in calves experimentally infected with BRSV followed byH. somnicompared to that in calves infected with BRSV orH. somnialone. BRSV-plus-H. somniCCS treatment of BAT2 cells also enhanced paracellular migration. The effect of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was investigated as well because microarray analysis revealed that treatment with BRSV plusH. somnisynergistically upregulated BAT2 cell expression ofmmp1andmmp3compared to that in cells treated with either agent alone. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) confirmed that MMP1 and MMP3 protein levels were similarly upregulated. In collagen I and collagen IV (targets for MMP1 and MMP3, respectively) substrate zymography, digestion was increased with supernatants from dually treated BAT2 cells compared with those from singly treated cells. Enhanced breakdown of collagen IV in the basal lamina and of fibrillar collagen I in the adjacent interstitium in the dual infection may facilitate dissemination ofH. somniinfection.

scholarly journals Recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus with deletion of the SH gene induces increased apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro, and is attenuated and induces protective immunity in calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Taylor ◽  
Sara Wyld ◽  
Jean-Francois Valarcher ◽  
Efrain Guzman ◽  
Michelle Thom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes inflammation and obstruction of the small airways, leading to severe respiratory disease in young calves. The virus is closely related to human (H)RSV, a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. The ability to manipulate the genome of RSV has provided opportunities for the development of stable, live attenuated RSV vaccines. The role of the SH protein in the pathogenesis of BRSV was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using a recombinant (r)BRSV in which the SH gene had been deleted. Infection of bovine epithelial cells and monocytes with rBRSVΔSH, in vitro, resulted in an increase in apoptosis, and higher levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared with cells infected with parental, wild-type (WT) rBRSV. Although replication of rBRSVΔSH and WT rBRSV, in vitro, were similar, the replication of rBRSVΔSH was moderately reduced in the lower, but not the upper, respiratory tract of experimentally infected calves. Despite the greater ability of rBRSVΔSH to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines, in vitro, the pulmonary inflammatory response in rBRSVΔSH-infected calves was significantly reduced compared with that in calves inoculated with WT rBRSV, 6 days previously. Virus lacking SH appeared to be as immunogenic and effective in inducing resistance to virulent virus challenge, 6 months later, as the parental rBRSV. These findings suggest that rBRSVΔSH may be an ideal live attenuated virus vaccine candidate, combining safety with a high level of immunogenicity.

scholarly journals Formulation with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Prevents Induction of Pulmonary Immunopathology following Priming with Formalin-Inactivated or Commercial Killed Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 2024-2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oumouna ◽  
J. W. Mapletoft ◽  
B. C. Karvonen ◽  
L. A. Babiuk ◽  
S. van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotides ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT Commercial killed bovine respiratory syncytial virus (K-BRSV) and formalin-inactivated BRSV (FI-BRSV) tend to induce Th2-type immune responses, which may not be protective and may even be detrimental during subsequent exposure to the virus. In this study we assessed the ability of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to aid in the generation of effective and protective BRSV-specific immune responses. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with FI-BRSV formulated with CpG ODN, Emulsigen (Em), CpG ODN and Em, or non-CpG ODN and Em. Two additional groups were immunized with K-BRSV or K-BRSV and CpG ODN. After two vaccinations, the mice were challenged with BRSV. FI-BRSV induced Th2-biased immune responses characterized by production of serum immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE, as well as interleukin-4 (IL-4), by in vitro-restimulated splenocytes. Formulation of FI-BRSV with CpG ODN, but not with non-CpG ODN, enhanced serum IgG2a and IFN-γ production by splenocytes, whereas serum IgE was reduced. Although the immune response induced by K-BRSV was not as strongly Th2 biased, the addition of CpG ODN to this commercial vaccine also resulted in a more Th1-type response. Furthermore, the addition of CpG ODN to the BRSV vaccine formulations resulted in enhanced neutralizing antibody responses. Significant production of IL-5, eotaxin, and eosinophilia was observed in the lungs of FI-BRSV- and K-BRSV-immunized mice. However, IL-5 and eotaxin levels, as well as the number of eosinophils, were decreased in the mice vaccinated with the CpG ODN-formulated vaccines. Finally, when formulated with CpG ODN, both FI-BRSV and K-BRSV significantly reduced virus production after challenge with BRSV.

Use of different cell lines for in vitro cultures of bovine respiratory syncytial virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Renata Urban-Chmiel ◽  
Andrzej Wernicki ◽  
Barbara Majer-Dziedzic ◽  
Sebastian Gnat ◽  
Andrzej Puchalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Syncytial Virus
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