scholarly journals Optical and computational dissection of emergent prefrontal rewiring to encode fear memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Agetsuma ◽  
Issei Sato ◽  
Yasuhiro R Tanaka ◽  
Luis Carrillo-Reid ◽  
Atsushi Kasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Graphical Modeling ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
Prefrontal Dysfunction ◽  
Internal Network ◽  
Computational Dissection ◽  
Activity Dependent

The prefrontal cortex regulates various emotional behaviors and memories, and prefrontal dysfunction can trigger psychiatric disorders. While untangling the internal network may provide clues to the neural architecture underlying such disorders, it is technically difficult due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the network. Here we propose an optical and computational dissection of the internal prefrontal network based on chronic two-photon imaging and a sparse modeling algorithm, which enabled the discrimination of newly emerged neuronal ensembles specifically encoding conditioned fear responses. Further graphical modeling revealed that neurons responding to the unconditioned stimulus during fear conditioning became a core of the ensembles with an enhanced capability for pattern completion, demonstrating the activity dependent rewiring upon the associative learning.

A Retrieval-Extinction Paradigm to Treat Conditioned Fear Memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Xiangxing ZENG ◽  
Yanhui XIANG ◽  
Juan DU ◽  
Xifu ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Memory

Lack of effect of propranolol on the reconsolidation of conditioned fear memory due to a failure to engage memory destabilisation

Neuroscience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Rotondo ◽  
Kathryn Biddle ◽  
John Chen ◽  
Josh Ferencik ◽  
Mathilde d'Esneval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Memory

scholarly journals Seizures start as silent microseizures by neuronal ensembles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wenzel ◽  
Jordan P. Hamm ◽  
Darcy S. Peterka ◽  
Rafael MD Yuste
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Calcium Dynamics ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Step Model

AbstractUnderstanding seizure formation and spread remains a critical goal of epilepsy research. While many studies have documented seizure spread, it remains mysterious how they start. We used fast in-vivo two-photon calcium imaging to reconstruct, at cellular resolution, the dynamics of focal cortical seizures as they emerge in epileptic foci (intrafocal), and subsequently propagate (extrafocal). We find that seizures start as intrafocal coactivation of small numbers of neurons (ensembles), which are electrographically silent. These silent “microseizures” expand saltatorily until they break into neighboring cortex, where they progress smoothly and first become detectable by LFP. Surprisingly, we find spatially heterogeneous calcium dynamics of local PV interneuron sub-populations, which rules out a simple role of inhibitory neurons during seizures. We propose a two-step model for the circuit mechanisms of focal seizures, where neuronal ensembles first generate a silent microseizure, followed by widespread neural activation in a travelling wave, which is then detected electrophysiologically.

scholarly journals Optical and computational dissection of prefrontal neural circuit for fear memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (0) ◽  
pp. 2-S20-4
Author(s):  
Masakazu Agetsuma ◽  
Issei Sato ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Kasai ◽  
Yoshiyuki Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Computational Dissection

Acquisition of Fear and Extinction in Lateral Amygdala: A Modeling Study

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Pendyam ◽  
Dongbeom Kim ◽  
Gregory J. Quirk ◽  
Satish S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Somatosensory Information ◽  
Cortical Inputs ◽  
Lateral Nucleus ◽  
And Storage

The lateral nucleus of amygdala (LA) is known to be a critical storage site for conditioned fear memory. Synaptic plasticity at auditory inputs to the dorsal LA (LAd) is critical for the formation and storage of auditory fear memories. Recent evidence suggests that two different cell populations (transient- and long-term plastic cells) are present in LAd and are responsible for fear learning. However, the mechanisms involved in the formation and storage of fear are not well understood. As an extension of previous work, a biologically realistic computational model of the LAd circuitry is developed to investigate these mechanisms. The network model consists of 52 LA pyramidal neurons and 13 interneurons. Auditory and somatosensory information reaches LA from both thalamic and cortical inputs. The model replicated the tone responses observed in the two LAd cell populations during conditioning and extinction. The model provides insights into the role of thalamic and cortical inputs in fear memory formation and storage.

Is There a Science of Psychotherapy?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Brain Pathways ◽  
Unconscious Memory

Traditionally, psychotherapists have been reluctant to embrace neuroscience, incorrectly believing that it is solely devoted to finding more drugs for psychiatric illnesses. By thinking of psychotherapy as a type of life experience, however, we see that many aspects of neurobiology are relevant to psychotherapy and strengthen our understanding of how psychotherapy works. One example is studies showing that the same brain pathways involved in the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in laboratory animals and in anxiety disorders in humans are also affected by cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Another example is the similarity of the ability to permanently abolish fear memory by blocking its reconsolidation and the reframing of a previously unconscious memory during psychoanalytic psychotherapy. A neuroscience of psychotherapy is certainly conceivable.

Spontaneous Waves in the Ventricular Zone of Developing Mammalian Retina

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1999-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Md. Syed ◽  
Seunghoon Lee ◽  
Shigang He ◽  
Z. Jimmy Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Mammalian Retina ◽  
Activity Dependent

Spontaneous rhythmic waves in the developing mammalian retina are thought to propagate among differentiated neurons in the inner retina (IR) and play an important role in activity-dependent visual development. Here we report a new form of rhythmic Ca2+ wave in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing rabbit retina. Ca2+ imaging from two-photon optical sections near the ventricular surface of the whole-mount retina showed rhythmic Ca2+ transients propagating laterally as waves. The VZ waves had a distinctively slow Ca2+ dynamics (lasting ∼20 s) but shared a similar frequency and propagation speed with the IR waves. Simultaneous Ca2+ imaging in VZ and multi-electrode array recording in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) revealed close spatiotemporal correlation between spontaneous VZ and IR waves, suggesting a common source of initiation and/or regulation of the two waves. Pharmacological studies further showed that all drugs that blocked IR waves also blocked VZ waves. However, the muscarinic antagonist atropine selectively blocked VZ but not IR waves at this developmental stage, indicating that IR waves were not dependent on VZ waves, but VZ waves likely relied on the initiation of IR waves. Eliciting IR waves with puffs of nicotinic or non- N-methyl-d-aspartate agonists in GCL produced atropine-sensitive waves in the VZ, demonstrating a unique, retrograde signaling pathway from IR to VZ. Thus differentiated neurons in the IR use spontaneous, rhythmic waves to send both forward signals to the central visual targets and retrograde messages to the developing cells in the VZ.

scholarly journals Two-Photon Correlation Spectroscopy in Single Dendritic Spines Reveals Fast Actin Filament Reorganization during Activity-Dependent Growth

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0128241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hua Chen ◽  
Yves Kellner ◽  
Marta Zagrebelsky ◽  
Matthias Grunwald ◽  
Martin Korte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filament ◽  
Dendritic Spines ◽  
Photon Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Photon Correlation ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Activity Dependent

scholarly journals Layer- and subregion-specific differences in the neurophysiological properties of rat medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenghui Song ◽  
James R. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Spike Threshold ◽  
Memory Acquisition

Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for the expression of long-term conditioned fear. However, the neural circuits involving fear memory acquisition and retrieval are still unclear. Two subregions within mPFC that have received a lot of attention are the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices (e.g., Santini E, Quirk GJ, Porter JT. J Neurosci 28: 4028–4036, 2008; Song C, Ehlers VL, Moyer JR Jr. J Neurosci 35: 13511–13524, 2015). Interestingly, PL and IL may play distinct roles during fear memory acquisition and retrieval but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. One possibility is that the intrinsic membrane properties differ between these subregions. Thus, the current study was carried out to characterize the basic membrane properties of mPFC neurons in different layers and subregions. We found that pyramidal neurons in L2/3 were more hyperpolarized and less excitable than in L5. This was observed in both IL and PL and was associated with an enhanced h-current in L5 neurons. Within L2/3, IL neurons were more excitable than those in PL, which may be due to a lower spike threshold and higher input resistance in IL neurons. Within L5, the intrinsic excitability was comparable between neurons obtained in IL and PL. Thus, the heterogeneity in physiological properties of mPFC neurons may underlie the observed subregion-specific contribution of mPFC in cognitive function and emotional control, such as fear memory expression. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) neurons are heterogeneous in both a layer- and a subregion-specific manner. Specifically, L5 neurons are more depolarized and more excitable than those neurons in L2/3, which is likely due to variations in h-current. Also, infralimbic neurons are more excitable than those of prelimbic neurons in layer 2/3, which may be due to differences in certain intrinsic properties, including input resistance and spike threshold.

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