scholarly journals Detection of Leishmania DNA in saliva among patients with HIV/AIDS in Trang Province, southern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netranapha Pandey ◽  
Suradej Siripattanapipong ◽  
Saovanee Leelayoova ◽  
Jipada Manomat ◽  
Mathirut Mungthin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
Fatal Form ◽  
Positive Agreement ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease causing opportunistic infection among patients with HIV/AIDS. The fatal form of this disease is visceral leishmaniasis (VL). DNA of Leishmania can be detected in saliva, for which the collection is noninvasive and requires little expertise. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a nested-PCR to amplify the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) to detect Leishmania DNA in paired saliva and buffy coat samples of 305 Thai patients with HIV/AIDS in Trang Hospital, Trang Province, southern Thailand. For asymptomatic Leishmania infection among Thai patients with HIV/AIDS, the sensitivity and specificity of the nested-PCR-ITS1 in buffy coat were 73.9 and 100%, respectively. However, the sensitivity in saliva was 26.1% and specificity was 100%. Using the nested-PCR-ITS1, saliva and buffy coat samples showed positive agreement in only 52.0% of patients. Saliva tested results with the nested-PCR-ITS1 showed positive agreement with the Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) in 46.5% of patients. Only 12.1% of the samples showed positive agreement for Leishmania infection among all the three tests: saliva, buffy coat and DAT results. Using nucleotide sequencing, at least three species of Leishmania infection were identified in saliva, i.e., L. siamensis (n=28), L. martiniquensis (n=9), and L. donovani complex (n=1). As a result, buffy coat still appears to be a better specimen to diagnose asymptomatic VL infection among individuals with HIV. However, the use of both buffy coat and saliva together as clinical specimens would increase the sensitivity of Leishmania detection.

scholarly journals Potential of Direct Agglutination Test Based on Promastigote and Amastigote Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Singh ◽  
B. V. Subba Raju ◽  
R. K. Jain ◽  
Poonam Salotra
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Strip Test

ABSTRACT Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermal complication, a sequel to kala-azar. Diagnosis of PKDL presents a challenge due to the low parasite burden in the lesions. The direct agglutination test (DAT) based on promastigote and amastigote antigens of Leishmania donovani of indigenous isolates was developed to diagnose PKDL, and the results were compared with those of the rk39 strip test. The sensitivities of DAT for antileishmanial antibody detection, based on promastigote and amastigote antigens at a cutoff titer of 1:800 were 98.5% and 100%, respectively, with corresponding specificities of 96.5% and 100%. DAT could correctly detect 100% polymorphic cases and 95.4% macular PKDL cases. In comparison, the rk39 strip test was able to correctly diagnose 95.6% of polymorphic and 86.0% macular PKDL cases. DAT based on axenic amastigote antigen provided 100% sensitivity and specificity, making it particularly useful for macular PKDL cases, which are often missed by the rk39 strip test. Thus, DAT provides a simple, reliable, and inexpensive test for PKDL diagnosis with potential applicability in field conditions.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Accuracy of Direct Agglutination Test for Serodiagnosis of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Hossein Keshavarz ◽  
Sedigheh Shirmohammad ◽  
Behnaz Akhoundi ◽  
Alireza Borjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic

Abstract Background: Direct agglutination test (DAT) as a simple, accurate and reliable method, has been widely used for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during the last three decades. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DAT for serodiagnosis of human VL.Methods: Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, SID and Mag Iran (two Persian scientific search engines) were searched from December 2004 to April 2019. We determined the pooled sensitivity and specificity rates of DAT for the diagnosis of human VL, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves parameters across the eligible studies.Results: Of the 2928 records identified in the mentioned electronic databases and after examining reference lists of articles, 24 articles met inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the systematic review and out of them 20 records qualified for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity rates of DAT was 96% [95% CI, 92–98] and 98% [95 % CI, 86–99], respectively. The likelihood ratio of a positive test (LR+) was found to be 21 [CI95%, 6.6–66.5] and the likelihood ratio of a negative test (LR−) was found to be 0.04 [(CI95%, 0.02–0.08]. The combined estimate of the diagnostic odds ratio for DAT was high [467 (CI95%, 114-1912]). We found that the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) is positioned near the upper left corner of the curve and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99).Conclusion: Referring to our analysis, we determined that DAT can be considered as a valuable tool for the serodiagnosis of human VL with high sensitivity and specificity. As DAT is a simple, accurate and efficient serological test, it can be recommended for serodiagnosis of human VL particularly in endemic areas.

scholarly journals The diagnostic accuracy of direct agglutination test for serodiagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Hossein Keshavarz ◽  
Sedigheh Shirmohammad ◽  
Behnaz Akhoundi ◽  
Alireza Borjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic

Abstract Background Direct agglutination test (DAT) as a simple, accurate and reliable method, has been widely used for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during the last three decades. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DAT for serodiagnosis of human VL. Methods Electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, SID and Mag Iran (two Persian scientific search engines) were searched from December 2004 to April 2019. We determined the pooled sensitivity and specificity rates of DAT for the diagnosis of human VL, calculated positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-), and constructed summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves parameters across the eligible studies. Results Of the 2928 records identified in the mentioned electronic databases and after examining reference lists of articles, 24 articles met inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the systematic review and out of them 20 records qualified for meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity rates of DAT was 96% [95% CI, 92–98] and 95% [CI95% 86–99], respectively. The likelihood ratio of a positive test (LR+) was found to be 21 [CI95%, 6.6–66.5] and the likelihood ratio of a negative test (LR−) was found to be 0.04 [(CI95%, 0.02–0.08]. The combined estimate of the diagnostic odds ratio for DAT was high [467 (CI95%, 114–1912]). We found that the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) is positioned near the upper left corner of the curve and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99). Conclusion Referring to our analysis, we determined that DAT can be considered as a valuable tool for the serodiagnosis of human VL with high sensitivity and specificity. As DAT is a simple, accurate and efficient serological test, it can be recommended for serodiagnosis of human VL particularly in endemic areas.

scholarly journals A comparative study of nested-PCR and direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonas Yimam Ayene ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Homa Hajjaran ◽  
Behnaz Akhoundi ◽  
Saeedeh Shojaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniosis

Abstract Objective Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the main source of human visceral leishmaniosis (HVL) in Mediterranean region, including Iran and is spread from domestic dogs to Phlebotomine sand flies vectors to humans. To control the transmission of HVL, early and accurate detection of infected dogs is paramount importance despite it remains a confronting challenge. Herein, we evaluated the performance of direct agglutination test (DAT) against gold standard nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) for CVL diagnosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs from endemic areas of Iran. Results Venous blood samples were collected from dogs without clinical signs (n  =  30) and with clinical signs (n  =  35) suggestive of Leishmania infantum infection. Among 65 samples examined, Leishmania DNA was detected by nested-PCR in 89.23% (58/65). Furthermore, 86.15% (56/65) nested-PCR positive samples were also DAT positive. The results of the DAT sensitivity test were 96.43% and 96.67% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively, while the specificity was 100.00% and 60.00% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively. The results of this study also pointed out substantial concordance between DAT test and nested-PCR method in both symptomatic dogs (Κ  =  0.783; P  <  0.001) and asymptomatic dogs (Κ  =  0.618; P  <  0.001). Thus, DAT represents as a simple and economic tool for initial diagnosis of CVL particularly in endemic areas of the disease.

Direct Agglutination Test in the Detection of Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Antibodies in Mice

1972 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel A. Schmunis ◽  
Ana Szarfman ◽  
Norberto Vattuone
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test

Direct agglutination test for Encephalitozoon cuniculi

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly N. Jordan ◽  
Anne M. Zajac ◽  
Karen S. Snowden ◽  
David S. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Encephalitozoon Cuniculi

scholarly journals DIRECT AGGLUTINATION TEST WITH URINE SAMPLES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD ZAHIDUL ISLAM ◽  
IFTIKHAR AHMED ◽  
ABDUL HALIM SARDER ◽  
RUSELLA MIRZA ◽  
EISAKU KIMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test

scholarly journals Evaluation of the performance of the modified direct agglutination test (MAT) for detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alberto Cañón Franco ◽  
Denise Pimentel Bergamaschi ◽  
Leonardo José Richtzenhain ◽  
Yeda Nogueira ◽  
Luís Marcelo Aranha Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test

scholarly journals The rK39 Antigen from an Iranian Strain of Leishmania infantum: Detection of Anti-Leishmania Antibodies in Humans and Dogs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Razieh HOSSEINI FARASH ◽  
Mehdi MOHEBALI ◽  
Bahram KAZEMI ◽  
Abdolmajid FATA ◽  
Reza RAOOFIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Recombinant Antigen ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Direct Agglutination Test ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Extended Field

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis in Iran with high mortality rates in the case of inaccurate diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new rk39 recombinant antigen from an Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum for diagnosis of VL in humans and dogs. Methods: rK39-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of anti L. infantum antibodies. We screened 84 human sera and 87 dog sera from clinical cases in the endemic area of Meshkin-Shahr, Iran along with 176 sera from healthy controls (collected from 86 humans and 90 dogs) during 2013 -2016. Results: Using the rK39 ELISA, a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI, 95-99%) and a specificity of 86.0% (95% CI, 95%-99%) were detected in human sera at a 1:800 (cut-off) titer when DAT-confirmed cases were compared with healthy controls; a sensitivity of 96.6% (95% CI, 95%-99%) and specificity of 94.4% (95% CI, 95%-99%) were found at a 1:80 (cut-off) titer compared with DAT. Kappa analysis indicated agreement between the rK39 ELISA and DAT (0.718) when using human sera at a 1:800 (cut-off) titer as well as (0.910) at a 1:80 (cut-off) titer when using dog sera (P<0.05). Conclusion: New rk39 recombinant antigen from an Iranian strain of Leishmania infantum seems to be used for diagnosis of VL in humans and dogs. Further extended field studies are recommended

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