Fluorescence-based Immunochromatographic strip test for the detection of hyoscyamine

Hyoscyamine (HSM) which act as antagonists of acetylcholine muscarinic receptor and can induce a variety of distinct toxic syndromes in mammals (anti-cholinergic poisoning) which hazardous in human health. Therefore, it...

Nanoplasmonic Strip Test for Salivary Glucose Monitoring

Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in Point-of-care (POC) devices for the noninvasive glucose assessment. Despite the recent progress in glucose self-monitoring, commercially available devices still use invasive samples such as blood or interstitial fluids, and they are not equipment-free and affordable for the whole population. Here, we report a fully integrated strip test for the semi-quantitative detection of glucose in whole saliva. The colorimetric mechanism consists of an enzyme-mediated reshaping of multibranched gold nanoparticles (MGNPs) into nanospheres with an associated plasmonic shift and consequent blue-to-red color change, clearly detectable in less than 10 min.

Hemoglobin Levels in Blood Samples

Hemoglobin is a part of erythrocytes that serves to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in tissues. Hemoglobin levels in the blood may decrease one of which is influenced by exposure to lead from the environment. Places that are at high risk for exposure to air lead one of them is at gas stations (Public Refueling Stations). The purpose of this study is to determine hemoglobin levels in kedungrandu gas station officers, Kec. Patikraja, Banyumas. This type of research is a non-experimental observational study. The method of measuring hemoglobin levels using strip test in the form of POCT (Point Care of Testing) tool. This method uses capillary blood samples from 20 respondents with criteria of male sex and aged 21-60 years. The result of this study was as many as 6 people (30%) of the total respondents had low hemoglobin levels, while 14 people (70%) have normal hemoglobin levels. The average hemoglobin level in the blood sample of kedungrandu gas station officers, Kec. Patikraja, Banyumas is 14.41 mg/dl or normal.

Simultaneous Rapid Detection of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Spices Using Lateral Flow Immuno-Chromatographic Assay

Spices are susceptible to contamination by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), which are both mycotoxins with high toxicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, we aimed to develop an immuno-chromatographic strip test for the simultaneous quantification of AFB1 and OTA in spices by spraying the coupled antigens AFB1–ovalbumin (AFB1–OVA) and OTA–ovalbumin (OTA–OVA) on a nitrocellulose membrane. The test strip had high sensitivity, good specificity, and strong stability. The detection limits of these two mycotoxins in Chinese prickly ash, pepper, chili, cinnamon, and aniseed were 5 μg/kg. The false positivity rate was 2%, and the false negativity rate was 0%. The maximum coefficient of variation was 4.28% between batches and 5.72% within batches. The average recovery rates of AFB1 and OTA in spices were 81.2–113.7% and 82.2–118.6%, respectively, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was <10%. The actual sample detection was consistent with high performance liquid chromatography analysis results. Therefore, the immuno-chromatographic test strips developed in this study can be used for the on-site simultaneous detection of AFB1 and OTA in spices. This method would allow the relevant regulatory agencies to strengthen supervision in an effort to reduce the possible human health hazards of such contaminated spices.

Pengembangan Sensor Kimia Deteksi Albumin dalam Urin untuk Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Berbasis Cobalt (Co)

Penyakit PGK (Penyakit Gagal Ginjal), protein yang hilang melalui urin dapat menyebabkan penurunan kadar albumin atau hipoalbuminemia. Keluarnya albumin melalui urin disebabkan karena adanya penurunan protein yang keluar kedalam filtrat glomerulus. Pengembangan teknologi sensor untuk mendeteksi gagal ginjal. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan sensor kimia dengan menggunakan reagen cobalt dan amoniak. Pembuatan sensor kimia menggunakan teknik imobilisasi. Teknik imobilisasi merupakan suatu proses pengikatan molekul reagen cobalt pada bahan pendukung yaitu amoniak sehingga molekul reagen dapat tersebar didalam fase pendukung tersebut secara merata dan homogen. Tahap awal pada pembuatan sensor kimia adalah menentukan kondisi reagen yang optimum. Sensor memiliki hasil optimasi dengan pH optimum pH 7. Memiliki linearitas yang baik pada rentang konsentrasi 150-650 ppm dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = 0,9677. Waktu pakai strip test lebih dari 3 bulan pada suhu ruang. Hasil penelitian validasi metode ini memenuhi persyaratan standar. Pengembangan sensor kimia berbasis cobalt (Co) dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi PGK (Penyakit Gagal Ginjal) karena telah memenuhi kriteria validasi metode selektivitas, linearitas, akurasi, presisi, LOD dan LOQ sehingga dapat digunakan dalam deteksi albumin dalam urin.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF E-STRIP AND VITEK 2 FOR VANCOMYCIN MIC FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER

PURPOSE: Comparative Study done for Vancomycin susceptibility in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in two methods Vitek-2 and E-strip test. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Vancomycin susceptibility testing was performed on these Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates by two methods viz. Vitek 2 & E- strip Test. RESULT: A total of 10680 various specimens were received and processed in laboratory. 210 samples were S. aureus amongst which 76 were MRSAs. Pus was the predominant sample followed by endotracheal secretions, blood, and sputum. All the strains of MRSA found susceptible to vancomycin (MIC≤ 2µg/ ml) by both the methods. Maximum specimens by both the methods had MICs of 1.0 µg/ ml. CONCLUSION: In the present study results of Vitek and E-strip were almost comparable. In the advanced era of automation and computerized technology with manpower compromised labs, Vitek could be a better option for vancomycin MIC.

Evaluation of different phenotypic diffusion methods in the identification of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing uropathogenic

: The study was aimed to identify the occurrence of extended spectrum of Beta lactamases (ESBLs), to compare different phenotypic methods used for the confirmation and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern in ESBL producing uropathogenic : The strains were isolated from urine and the isolates resistance to at least one of the three representative cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefpodoxime and ceftazidime) was tested for ESBL production by Double disc synergy test (DDST), Inhibitory potentiated disc diffusion (IPDD) test and quantitative E-strip method.: Of 120strains isolated, 62(51.6%) were resistant to at least one of the three cephalosporins and 28 (45.1%) were positive for ESBL by IPDD and E-strip test. However, 9 (14.5%) strains were positive by DDST method. Among third generation cephalosporins, cefpodoxime was (45.8%) better screening indicator followed by ceftazidime (40.0%) and cefotaxime (37.5%). Most of the ESBL producers (97.3%) were resistant to three or more drugs, compared to (51.2%) non-ESBL producers. : The acceptable method for detection of ESBL producing were IPDD and E-strip tests compared to DDST with better sensitivity (100%), specificity (95.8%) and positive predictive value (96.5%). ESBL producers showed significantly (p&#60;0.05) higher resistance to tobramycin, amoxyclav and amikacin compared to non ESBL producers.