scholarly journals Overlapping neural processes for stopping and economic choice in orbitofrontal cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani ◽  
Benjamin Y. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Economic Choice ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Economic Task ◽  
Foraging Models ◽  
Theoretical Unification

ABSTRACTEconomic choice and stopping are not traditionally treated as related phenomena. However, we were motivated by foraging models of economic choice to hypothesize that they may reflect similar neural processes occurring in overlapping brain circuits. We recorded neuronal activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), while macaques performed a stop signal task interleaved with a structurally matched economic choice task. Decoding analyses show that OFC ensembles predict successful versus failed stopping both before the trial and immediately after the stop signal, even after controlling for value predictions. These responses indicate that OFC contributes both proactively and reactively to stopping. Moreover, OFC neurons’ engagement in one task positively predicted their engagement in the other. Finally, firing patterns that distinguished low from high value offers in the economic task distinguished failed and successful trials in the stopping task. These results endorse the idea that economic choice and inhibition may be subject to theoretical unification.

scholarly journals Shared neuronal bases of inhibition and economic choice in orbitofrontal cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani ◽  
Benjamin Y. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Economic Choice ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Theoretical Unification

ABSTRACTEconomic choice and inhibition are two important elements of our cognitive repertoires that may be closely related. We and others have noted that during economic choice, options are typically considered serially; this fact provides important constraints on our understanding of choice. Notably, asynchronous contemplation means that each individual option is subject to an accept-reject decision. We have proposed that these component accept-reject decisions may have some kinship with stopping decisions. One prediction of this idea is that stopping and choice may reflect similar neural processes occurring in overlapping brain circuits. To test the idea, we recorded neuronal activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) Area 13 while macaques performed a stop signal task interleaved with a structurally matched choice task. Using neural network decoders, we find that OFC ensembles have overlapping codes for stopping and choice: the decoder that was only trained to identify accept vs. reject trials performed with higher efficiency even when tested on the stop trials. These results provide tentative support for the idea that mechanisms underlying inhibitory control and choice selection may be subject to theoretical unification.

scholarly journals Orbitofrontal neuron ensembles contribute to inhibitory control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani ◽  
Benjamin Y. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time ◽  
Recorded Activity ◽  
Core Part

SUMMARYStopping, or inhibition, is a form of self-control that is a core part of adaptive behavior. We hypothesize that inhibition commands originate, in part, from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We recorded activity of OFC neurons in macaques performing a stop signal task. Decoding analyses revealed a clear difference in ensemble responses that distinguish successful from failed inhibition that begins after the stop signal and before the stop signal reaction time. We also found a different and unrelated ensemble pattern that distinguishes successful from failed stopping before the beginning of the trial. These signals were distinct from, and orthogonal to, value encoding, which was also observed in these neurons. The timing of the early and late signals was, respectively, consistent with the idea that OFC contributes both proactively and reactively to inhibition. These results support the view, inspired by anatomy, that OFC gathers diverse sensory inputs to compute early-stage executive signals.

scholarly journals Distinct neural processes support post-success and post-error slowing in the stop signal task

Neuroscience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 357 ◽  
pp. 273-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihe Zhang ◽  
Jaime S. Ide ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Sien Hu ◽  
Nikola S. Valchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Neural Processes

scholarly journals Towards a two-stage model of action-stopping: Attentional capture explains motor inhibition during early stop-signal processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Tatz ◽  
Cheol Soh ◽  
Jan R Wessel
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Step Model ◽  
Neural Processes

The ability to stop an already initiated action is paramount to adaptive behavior. Most scientific debate in the field of human action-stopping currently focuses on two interrelated questions. First: Which mental and neural processes underpin the implementation of inhibitory control, and which reflect the attentional detection of salient stop-signals instead? Second: Why do physiological signatures of inhibition occur at two different latencies after stop-signals (for visual signals, either before or after ~150ms)? Here, we address both questions via two pre-registered experiments that combined transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and multi-variate pattern analysis of whole-scalp electroencephalography. Using a stop-signal task that also contained a second type of salient signal that did not require stopping, we found that both signals induced equal amounts of early-latency inhibitory activity, whereas only later signatures (after 175ms) distinguished the two. These findings resolve ongoing debates in the literature and strongly suggest a two-step model of action-stopping.

scholarly journals Neural Processes of an Indirect Analog of Risk Taking in Young Nondependent Adult Alcohol Drinkers-An fMRI Study of the Stop Signal Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Bednarski ◽  
Emily Erdman ◽  
Xi Luo ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Sien Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neural Processes

scholarly journals Individual variation in the neural processes of motor decisions in the stop signal task: the influence of novelty seeking and harm avoidance personality traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 221 (5) ◽  
pp. 2607-2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Hu ◽  
Dianne Lee ◽  
Sien Hu ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Herta Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Neural Processes

scholarly journals Anatomically distinct OFC-PCC circuits relay choice from value space to action space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Zhe Wang ◽  
Benjamin Y. Hayden ◽  
Sarah R. Heilbronner
Keyword(s):  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Action Space ◽  
Anatomical Connectivity ◽  
Economic Choice ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Concrete Action ◽  
Field Coherence

ABSTRACTEconomic choice necessarily involves the transformation of abstract, object-based representations to concrete, action-based ones. This transformation is both determined and delimited by the neuroanatomical organization of the regions that implement it. In choice, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a key role in both abstract valuation and cognitive mapping. However, determining the neural processes underlying this transformation has proven difficult. We hypothesized that difficulty stems from in part from the fact that the OFC consists of multiple functionally distinct zones that are distinguished by their differing contributions to the abstract-concrete transformation, and that these functions reflect their differing long-range projections. Here we identify two such subregions, defined by stronger or weaker bidirectional anatomical connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). We call these regions OFCin and OFCout, respectively. We find that OFCin, relative to OFCout, shows enhanced functional connectivity with PCC, as indicated by both spike-field coherence and mutual information. We find converging evidence that the OFCin-PCC circuit, but not the OFCout-PCC circuit, relays choice signals from an abstract value space to a concrete action space. Moreover, the OFCin-PCC circuit shows a putative bidirectional mutually excitatory pattern. Together, these results support the hypothesis that OFC-PCC subareal organization is critical for understanding the implementation of offer-action transformation in economic choice.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Control on a Stop Signal Task in Tourette Syndrome before and after Deep Brain Stimulation of the Internal Segment of the Globus Pallidus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Francesca Morreale ◽  
Zinovia Kefalopoulou ◽  
Ludvic Zrinzo ◽  
Patricia Limousin ◽  
Eileen Joyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Reactive Inhibition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Deep Brain

As part of the first randomized double-blind trial of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus (GPi) in Tourette syndrome, we examined the effect of stimulation on response initiation and inhibition. A total of 14 patients with severe Tourette syndrome were recruited and tested on the stop signal task prior to and after GPi-DBS surgery and compared to eight age-matched healthy controls. Tics were significantly improved following GPi-DBS. The main measure of reactive inhibition, the stop signal reaction time did not change from before to after surgery and did not differ from that of healthy controls either before or after GPi-DBS surgery. This suggests that patients with Tourette syndrome have normal reactive inhibition which is not significantly altered by GPi-DBS.

scholarly journals Is motor inhibition involved in the processing of sentential negation? An assessment via the Stop-Signal Task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Montalti ◽  
Marta Calbi ◽  
Valentina Cuccio ◽  
Maria Alessandra Umiltà ◽  
Vittorio Gallese
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
Stop Signal Reaction Time ◽  
Methodological Considerations

AbstractIn the last decades, the embodied approach to cognition and language gained momentum in the scientific debate, leading to evidence in different aspects of language processing. However, while the bodily grounding of concrete concepts seems to be relatively not controversial, abstract aspects, like the negation logical operator, are still today one of the main challenges for this research paradigm. In this framework, the present study has a twofold aim: (1) to assess whether mechanisms for motor inhibition underpin the processing of sentential negation, thus, providing evidence for a bodily grounding of this logic operator, (2) to determine whether the Stop-Signal Task, which has been used to investigate motor inhibition, could represent a good tool to explore this issue. Twenty-three participants were recruited in this experiment. Ten hand-action-related sentences, both in affirmative and negative polarity, were presented on a screen. Participants were instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction of the Go Stimulus (an arrow) and to withhold their response when they heard a sound following the arrow. This paradigm allows estimating the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT), a covert reaction time underlying the inhibitory process. Our results show that the SSRT measured after reading negative sentences are longer than after reading affirmative ones, highlighting the recruitment of inhibitory mechanisms while processing negative sentences. Furthermore, our methodological considerations suggest that the Stop-Signal Task is a good paradigm to assess motor inhibition’s role in the processing of sentence negation.

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