scholarly journals Altering the temporal regulation of one transcription factor drives sensory trade-offs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Ramaekers ◽  
Simon Weinberger ◽  
Annelies Claeys ◽  
Martin Kapun ◽  
Jiekun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mutual Repression ◽  
Olfactory Organs

SUMMARYSize trade-offs of visual versus olfactory organs is a pervasive feature of animal evolution. Comparing Drosophila species, we find that larger eyes correlate with smaller antennae, where olfactory organs reside, and narrower faces. We demonstrate that this tradeoff arises through differential subdivision of the head primordium into visual versus non-visual fields. Specification of the visual field requires a highly-conserved eye development gene called eyeless in flies and Pax6 in humans. We discover that changes in the temporal regulation of eyeless expression during development is a conserved mechanism for sensory trade-offs within and between Drosophila species. We identify a natural single nucleotide polymorphism in the cis-regulatory region of eyeless that is sufficient to alter its temporal regulation and eye size. Because Pax6 is a conserved regulator of sensory placode subdivision, we propose that alterations in the mutual repression between sensory territories is a conserved mechanism for sensory trade-offs in animals.

scholarly journals Fitness Trade-Offs in blaTEM Evolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 2340-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Mroczkowska ◽  
Miriam Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Pcr Method

ABSTRACT bla TEM-1 expression results in penicillin resistance, whereas expression of many bla TEM-1 descendants, called extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), results simultaneously in resistance to penicillins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Despite the expanded resistance phenotypes conferred by many ESBLs, bla TEM-1 is still the most abundant bla TEM allele in many microbial populations. This study examines the fitness effects of the two amino acid substitutions, R164S and E240K, that have occurred repeatedly among ESBL bla TEM-1 descendants. Using a single-nucleotide polymorphism-specific real-time quantitative PCR method, we analyzed the fitness of strains expressing bla TEM-1, bla TEM-10, and bla TEM-12. Our results show that bacteria expressing the ancestral bla TEM-1 allele have a fitness advantage over those expressing either bla TEM-10 or bla TEM-12 when exposed to ampicillin. This observation, combined with the fact that penicillins are the most prevalent antimicrobials prescribed worldwide, may explain why bla TEM-1 has persisted as the most frequently encountered bla TEM allele in bacterial populations.

scholarly journals Polymorphism C/T-13910 of the LCT gene regulatory region and lactase deficiency in Eurasian populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Maria V Sokolova ◽  
Eugene V Vasilyev ◽  
Andrey I Kozlov ◽  
Denis V Rebrikov ◽  
Svetlana S Senkeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Genetically Determined

Genetically determined deficiency of the lactase enzyme in adults (primary hypolactasia) is a recessive trait. As shown earlier, in some European populations primary hypolactasia is determined by carrying the CC genotype at the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) LCT*С/T-13910. In this work allele and genotype frequencies were estimated for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) LCT*C/ T-13910 in 7 samples (346 individuals in total), representing Eurasian populations (Saami, Mari, Russians from the Volga-Ural Area, Kazakhs, Uyghurs, Buriats, Arabs). For part of these groups and for some of the earlier studied groups the frequencies of the CC genotype are similar to the epidemiological-clinical data on hypolactasia frequency reported for respective or closely located populations (in Russians, Ukrainians, Byelorussians, Kola Saami, Mari, Komi-Permyaks, Udmurts, Pamir Mountain dwellers, and in Chukchi, Iranians and Arabs). For the Asian populations, the data are contradictory, and evaluation of genetic determination of hypolactasia in these populations requires further studies of larger samples. Considering association of primary hypolactasia with CC genotype in the Russian sample found by us earlier, the obtained results point that the CC genotype at SNP LCT*C/ T-13910 is the main genetic determinant of primary hypolactasia for populations of the European part of Russia.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis of orexin Gene 5′ Regulatory Region in Chinese Indigenous Cattle Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-ling ZHANG ◽  
Li ZHANG ◽  
Liang-zhi ZHANG ◽  
Xian-yong LAN ◽  
Cun-lei ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Single Nucleotide

scholarly journals Mimicry diversification in Papilio dardanus via a genomic inversion in the regulatory region of engrailed – invected

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1926) ◽  
pp. 20200443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn J. T. N. Timmermans ◽  
Amrita Srivathsan ◽  
Steve Collins ◽  
Rudolf Meier ◽  
Alfried P. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Draft Genome ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Geographic Spread ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wing Patterns

Polymorphic Batesian mimics exhibit multiple protective morphs that each mimic a different noxious model. Here, we study the genomic transitions leading to the evolution of different mimetic wing patterns in the polymorphic Mocker Swallowtail Papilio dardanus. We generated a draft genome (231 Mb over 30 chromosomes) and re-sequenced individuals of three morphs. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed elevated linkage disequilibrium and divergence between morphs in the regulatory region of engrailed, a developmental gene previously implicated in the mimicry switch . The diverged region exhibits a discrete chromosomal inversion (of 40 kb) relative to the ancestral orientation that is associated with the cenea morph, but not with the bottom-recessive hippocoonides morph or with non-mimetic allopatric populations. The functional role of this inversion in the expression of the novel phenotype is currently unknown, but by preventing recombination, it allows the stable inheritance of divergent alleles enabling geographic spread and local coexistence of multiple adaptive morphs.

scholarly journals AB0017 CONSTANT GENETIC MARKER IL1B T-31С IS ASSOCIATED WITH ANAMNESIS OF BIOLOGICAL DRUGS TREATMENT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1312.2-1312
Author(s):  
V. Omelchenko ◽  
E. Letyagina ◽  
Y. Kurochkina ◽  
A. Akimova ◽  
A. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Regulatory Region ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Inform Consent ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Active Motion

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is chronic progressive joint disease with erosions formation. Timely and effectiveness treatment is important due to quickly structural damage and progressive losing of active motion. Synthetic DMARDs didn’t have a sufficient effect. Using biological drugs seemed like a panacea, but according to investigations at least 30-40% RA-patients lost treatment efficiency. Biological drugs act through immune cascade, that’s why mutation in regulatory region of cytokine genes may partly determine treatment failure.Objectives:The objective of our study was to analyze the frequency ofIL1 T-31Csingle nucleotide polymorphism in patient with rheumatoid arthritis and its association with biological drugs prescribing.Methods:One hundred two Caucasian RA-patients (age – 56 yrs [45; 61]; DAS28 4.7 [3.8; 5.9]) were enrolled in our study. All of them had American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-defined RA (1987 classification criteria) and gave written inform consent. Single nucleotide polymorphismsIL1B T-31C(rs1143627),IL4 C-590T(rs2243250), IL10 C-592A (rs1800872),IL10 A-1082G(rs1800896) were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test were used for data analysis. Results are presented as median and 25th/75th percentiles (Me [25th percentile; 75th percentile]).Results:The most of SNPs analyzed had corresponded to the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The only exception was IL1B T-31C – the frequencies were differed statistically significant from HWE (p=0,03). Forty seven (46.1%) patients were treatment with biological drugs. Homozygotes IL1b -31CС were founded more frequently beside patients with biological treatment compare with other group (13 from 47 (27,7%) vs. 6 from 52 (11.5%), p=0,042). Other SNPs didn’t demonstrate any associations.Conclusion:Single nucleotide polymorphismIL1B T-31C(rs1143627) may be used for prognosis of basic anti-inflammatory therapy inefficiency and the needing for prescribing biological therapy.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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