scholarly journals Sex differences in cortisol and memory following acute social stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Murphy ◽  
Travis E. Hodges ◽  
Paul A.S. Sheppard ◽  
Angela K. Troyer ◽  
Elizabeth Hampson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveOlder adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) develop Alzheimer’s type dementia approximately ten times faster annually than the normal population. Adrenal hormones are associated with aging and cognition. We investigated the relationship between acute stress, cortisol, and memory function in aMCI with an exploratory analysis of sex.MethodSalivary cortisol was sampled diurnally and during two test sessions, one session with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), to explore differences in the relationship between cortisol and memory function in age-normal cognition (NA) and aMCI. Participants with aMCI (n=6 women, 9 men; mean age=75) or similarly aged NA (n=9 women, 7 men, mean age=75) were given tests of episodic, associative, and spatial working memory with a psychosocial stressor (TSST) in the second session.ResultsThe aMCI group performed worse on the memory tests than NA as expected, and males with aMCI had elevated cortisol levels on test days. Immediate episodic memory was enhanced by social stress in NA but not in the aMCI group, indicating that stress-induced alterations in memory are different in individuals with aMCI. High cortisol was associated with impaired performance on episodic memory in aMCI males only. Cortisol in Session 1 moderated the relationship with spatial working memory, whereby higher cortisol was associated with worse performance in NA, but better spatial working memory in aMCI. In addition, effects of aMCI on perceived anxiety in response to stress exposure were moderated by stress-induced cortisol in a sex-specific manner.ConclusionsWe show effects of aMCI on Test Session cortisol levels and effects on perceived anxiety, and stress-induced impairments in memory in males with aMCI in our exploratory sample. Future studies should explore sex as a biological variable as our findings suggests that effects at the confluence of aMCI and stress can be obfuscated without sex as a consideration.

scholarly journals P3-053: APOE E4 affects spatial working memory and attention in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4S_Part_12) ◽  
pp. P357-P357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Laczó ◽  
Kamil Vlček ◽  
Martin Vyhnálek ◽  
Václav MaŤoška ◽  
Irena Buksakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory And Attention

The reduced left hippocampal volume related to the delayed P300 latency in amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Gao ◽  
Lihua Gu ◽  
Hao Shu ◽  
Jiu Chen ◽  
Jianli Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is characterized by delayed P300 latency and reduced grey matter (GM) volume, respectively. The relationship between the features in aMCI is unclear. This study was to investigate the relationship between the altered P300 latency and the GM volume in aMCI. Methods Thirty-four aMCI and 34 well-matched normal controls (NC) were studied using electroencephalogram during a visual oddball task and scanned with MRI. Both tests were finished in the same day. Results As compared with the NC group, the aMCI group exhibited delayed P300 latency in parietal cortex and reduced GM volumes in bilateral temporal pole and left hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus. A remarkable negative correlation was found between delayed P300 latency and reduced left hippocampal volume only in the aMCI group. Interestingly, the mediating analysis found P300 latency significantly mediated the association between right supramarginal gyrus volume and information processing speed indicated by Stroop Color and Word Test A scores. Conclusions The association between delayed P300 latency and reduced left hippocampal volume in aMCI subjects suggests that reduced left hippocampal volume may be the potential structural basis of delayed P300 latency.

Learning and memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Contribution of working memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH E. PRICE ◽  
GLYNDA J. KINSELLA ◽  
BEN ONG ◽  
ELIZABETH MULLALY ◽  
MARGARET PHILLIPS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Attention ◽  
Semantic Clustering ◽  
Episodic Buffer ◽  
Amci Group ◽  
Encoding Strategies

AbstractIn addition to deficits in delayed recall, recent research suggests that participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) demonstrate diminished use of strategic encoding strategies during learning. Few studies have explored the cognitive mechanisms underlying this deficit. The aim of this study was to investigate in aMCI whether components of working memory (executive attention – attention set-shifting, dividing and focusing attention; and episodic buffer functions – strategic retrieval and manipulation of information) predict strategic encoding strategies during learning (semantic clustering). Thirty-three participants with aMCI and 33 healthy older adults (HOA) were administered neuropsychological tests assessing word-list learning and working memory. The aMCI group demonstrated significant impairment in acquisition, retrieval of information, and decreased use of semantic clustering strategies. Use of semantic clustering in the aMCI group was not predicted by measures of executive attention or phonemic verbal fluency, but was predicted by semantic verbal fluency performance. In the HOA group, semantic clustering was strongly related to semantic verbal fluency. These findings suggest that in aMCI, diminished strategic encoding strategies during learning (semantic clustering) is selectively related to the strategic function of the episodic buffer, but only when in interaction with the manipulation and retrieval of semantic associations. (JINS, 2010, 16, 342–351.)

scholarly journals Working Memory Training in Amnestic and Non-amnestic Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Preliminary Findings From Genotype Variants on Training Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne S. Hernes ◽  
Marianne M. Flak ◽  
Gro C. C. Løhaugen ◽  
Jon Skranes ◽  
Haakon R. Hol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Working Memory Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Amnestic Mci ◽  
Amci Group

Working memory training (WMT) effects may be modulated by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes, and variations in APOE-epsilon (APOE-ε) and LMX1A genotypes. Sixty-one individuals (41 men/20 women, mean age 66 years) diagnosed with MCI (31 amnestic/30 non-amnestic) and genotyped for APOE-ε and LMX1A completed 4 weeks/20–25 sessions of WMT. Cognitive functions were assessed before, 4 weeks and 16 weeks after WMT. Except for Processing Speed, the non-amnestic MCI group (naMCI) outperformed the amnestic MCI (aMCI) group in all cognitive domains across all time-points. At 4 weeks, working memory function improved in both groups (p < 0.0001), but at 16 weeks the effects only remained in the naMCI group. Better performance was found after training for the naMCI patients with LMX1A-AA genotype and for the APOE-ε4 carriers. Only the naMCI-APOE-ε4 group showed improved Executive Function at 16 weeks. WMT improved working memory and some non-trained cognitive functions in individuals with MCI. The naMCI group had greater training gain than aMCI group, especially in those with LMX1A-AA genotype and among APOE-ε4-carriers. Further research with larger sample sizes for the subgroups and longer follow-up evaluations is warranted.

Characteristics of Cognitive Deficit in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment With Subthreshold Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 344-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Sun ◽  
Zhijiang Wang ◽  
Lujie Xu ◽  
Xiaozhen Lv ◽  
Quanzheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Subthreshold Depression ◽  
Cognitive Assessments

It is widely recognized that depression may precipitate the incidence of dementia in the elderly individuals and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in particular. However, the association between subthreshold depression (SD) and cognitive deficits in patients with aMCI remains unclear. To address this, we collected demographic information and conducted a battery of neuropsychological cognitive assessments in 33 aMCI participants with SD (aMCI/SD+), 33 nondepressed aMCI participants (aMCI/SD−), and 53 normal controls (NC). Both aMCI groups showed significantly poorer performance in most cognitive domains relative to the NC group (ie, memory, language, processing speed, and executive function). Notably, the aMCI/SD+ group showed significantly poorer attention/working memory compared with the aMCI/SD− group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant negative association between the severity of depressive symptoms and attention/working memory capacity (β = − .024, P = .024), accounting for 8.28% of the variations in this cognitive domain. All statistical analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and years of education. A logistic regression model had an accuracy of 72.4% in discriminating between the aMCI/SD+ and aMCI/SD− groups based on individual cognitive profiles over 6 domains. Our findings indicate that patients with aMCI with and without SD have distinct patterns of cognitive impairment. This finding may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of SD in patients with aMCI.

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