scholarly journals Selfing Maintains Flower Colour Polymorphism in L. arvensis Despite High Inbreeding Depression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Jiménez-López ◽  
Pedro Luis Ortiz ◽  
María Talavera ◽  
Montserrat Arista
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Flower Colour Polymorphism

AbstractFlower colour polymorphism (FCP) is frequently associated with differences in pollinator attraction. FCP maintenance is intriguing, as positive directional selection by pollinators should result in the loss of polymorphism. Autonomous selfing could confer reproductive assurance when pollen is limited, and could be a mechanism for maintaining polymorphism unless inbreeding depression is high. We study the role of selfing in maintaining FCP in Lysimachia arvensis, a species with blue and red morphs co-occurring in Mediterranean populations, where pollinators negatively select for the red morph. We experimentally assessed inbreeding depression in both morphs in two Mediterranean populations and genetic diversity was studied via AFLP and SSR microsatellites in 20 populations. Between-morph genetic differentiation was high and the red morph had a lower genetic diversity, mainly in the Mediterranean. Results also show strong phenological differences between selfed and outcrossed progeny, and a high ID of the red morph. The low genetic diversity of the red morph is in concordance with a reproductive system based predominantly on selfing. However, ID suggests a limited capacity for red morph recruitment, according to its low frequency in polymorphic populations. Genetic differentiation between morphs indicates a low gene flow between them, opening the possibility of reproductive isolation and speciation in Lysimachia arvensis.

scholarly journals Reproductive Assurance Maintains Red-Flowered Plants of Lysimachia arvensis in Mediterranean Populations Despite Inbreeding Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Jiménez-López ◽  
Pedro L. Ortiz ◽  
María Talavera ◽  
Montserrat Arista
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
Flower Color Polymorphism

Flower color polymorphism, an infrequent but phylogenetically widespread condition in plants, is captivating because it can only be maintained under a few selective regimes but also because it can drive intra-morph assortative mating and promote speciation. Lysimachia arvensis is a polymorphic species with red or blue flowered morphs. In polymorphic populations, which are mostly Mediterranean, pollinators prefer blue-flowered plants to the red ones, and abiotic factors also favors blue-flowered plants. We hypothesize that the red morph is maintained in Mediterranean areas due to its selfing capacity. We assessed inbreeding depression in both color morphs in two Mediterranean populations and genetic diversity was studied via SSR microsatellites in 20 natural populations. Results showed that only 44–47% of selfed progeny of the red plants reached reproduction while about 72–91% of blue morph progeny did it. Between-morph genetic differentiation was high and the red morph had a lower genetic diversity and a higher inbreeding coefficient, mainly in the Mediterranean. Results suggest that selfing maintaining the red morph in Mediterranean areas despite its inbreeding depression. In addition, genetic differentiation between morphs suggests a low gene flow between them, suggesting reproductive isolation.

Flower-Colour Polymorphism in Lupinus pilosus in Israel

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pazy
Keyword(s):  
Flower Colour ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Flower Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Lupinus Pilosus

scholarly journals Flower Colour Polymorphism, Pollination Modes, Breeding System and Gene Flow in Anemone coronaria

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amots Dafni ◽  
Hagai Tzohari ◽  
Rachel Ben-Shlomo ◽  
Nicolas J. Vereecken ◽  
Gidi Ne’eman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
Flower Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Syrphid Flies ◽  
Colour Morphs

The flower colour of Anemone coronaria (Ranunculaceae) is a genetically inherited trait. Such intra-specific flower colour polymorphism might be driven by pollinators, other non-pollinating agents, or by abiotic factors. We investigated the genetic relations among red, white and purple-blue flower colour morphs growing in 10 populations of A. coronaria in Israel, in relation to their breeding system, pollination modes, differential perception by bees and visitors’ behaviour. Flowers of these three morphs differed in their reflectance that could be perceived by bees. Honeybees, solitary bees and flies demonstrated only partial preferences for the different colour morphs. No spontaneous self-pollination was found; however, fruit set under nets, excluding insects but allowing wind pollination, was not significantly lower than that of natural free pollinated flowers, indicating a potential role of wind pollination. Anemone coronaria flowers were visited by various insects, honeybees and Andrena sp. preferred the white and purple-blue morphs, while the syrphid flies preferred the white flowers. Thus, visitor behaviour can only partially explain the evolution or maintenance of the colour polymorphism. No significant genetic differences were found among the populations or colour morphs. Wind pollination, causing random gene flow, may explain why no significant genetic divergence was found among all studied populations and their colour morphs. The existence of monomorphic red populations, along other polymorphic populations, might be explained by linked resistance to aridity and/or grazing.

scholarly journals Flower colour polymorphism in Cirsium palustre 1

Heredity ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Mogford
Keyword(s):  
Flower Colour ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Flower Colour Polymorphism

Scarcity of Flower Colour Polymorphism in Field Populations of Digitalis purpurea L.

Flora ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H.O. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Flower Colour ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Digitalis Purpurea ◽  
Flower Colour Polymorphism

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Structure of Canadian Populations of the Sapstain Fungus Ceratocystis resinifera

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1323-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Morin ◽  
Colette Breuil ◽  
Louis Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species ◽  
Differentiation Index

Genomic DNA was extracted from 129 isolates of Ceratocystis resinifera, a species belonging to the C. coerulescens complex, and 19 polymorphic random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to study the population genetic structure of this fungus. The analysis suggested a moderate value for genetic diversity (HS = 0.209). However, when monomorphic markers and rare alleles, representing 89 markers, also were included in the calculation, the genetic diversity of Canadian populations of C. resinifera appeared to be much lower (HS = 0.045). This could be explained by two hypotheses: (i) recent introduction of this species into North America and (ii) clonal reproduction (by selfing). No specialization by C. resinifera for coniferous tree species was observed based on genetic differentiation index between isolates sampled from Pinus and Picea spp. and on phylogenetic analysis using Dice coefficient of association. In spite of a low genetic diversity, a very high genetic differentiation was observed among the nine geographical populations studied (FST = 20.8%). The genetic differences were especially striking when populations from Eastern Canada were compared with populations from Western Canada (φST = 0.27%; P < 0.001), suggesting that a geographic reproductive barrier occurs in Central Canada. This barrier may be the consequence of a weak migration of insect vectors of C. resinifera due to reduced presence of hosts in the Canadian Great Plains, where extensive agriculture occurs. However, results from pairwise FST matrix and phylogeny of haplotypes suggest that the barrier is not totally impenetrable because some gene flow occurred from the west and from the east in the Big River (Saskatchewan) population located in the middle of the Great Plains.

Flower colour polymorphism in Lysimachia arvensis: How is the red morph maintained in Mediterranean environments?

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. Ortiz ◽  
R. Berjano ◽  
M. Talavera ◽  
L. Rodríguez-Zayas ◽  
M. Arista
Keyword(s):  
Flower Colour ◽  
Colour Polymorphism ◽  
Mediterranean Environments ◽  
Flower Colour Polymorphism

High genetic differentiation and low genetic diversity in Incarvillea younghusbandii, an endemic plant of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, revealed by AFLP markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Yupeng Geng ◽  
Tashi Tersing ◽  
Nian Liu ◽  
Qingbiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity
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