scholarly journals An abundant quiescent stem cell population in Drosophila Malpighian tubules protects principal cells from kidney stones

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Wang ◽  
Allan C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Renal Stem Cells

SummaryAdult Drosophila Malpighian tubules have low rates of cell turnover but are vulnerable to damage caused by stones, like their mammalian counterparts, kidneys. We show that Drosophila renal stem cells (RSCs) comprise a unique, unipotent regenerative compartment. RSCs respond only to loss of nearby principal cells (PCs), cells critical for maintaining ionic balance. Perhaps due to the large size of PCs they are outnumbered by RSCs, which replace each lost cell with multiple PCs of lower ploidy. RSCs share a developmental origin with highly active intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and like ISCs generate daughters by asymmetric Notch signaling, yet RSCs remain quiescent in the absence of damage. Nevertheless, the capacity for RSC-mediated repair extends the lifespan of flies carrying kidney stones. We propose that abundant, RSC-like stem cells exist in other tissues with low rates of turnover where they may have been mistaken for differentiated tissue cells.

scholarly journals An abundant quiescent stem cell population in Drosophila Malpighian tubules protects principal cells from kidney stones

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Wang ◽  
Allan C Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Adult Drosophila

Adult Drosophila Malpighian tubules have low rates of cell turnover but are vulnerable to damage caused by stones, like their mammalian counterparts, kidneys. We show that Drosophilarenal stem cells (RSCs) in the ureter and lower tubules comprise a unique, unipotent regenerative compartment. RSCs respond only to loss of nearby principal cells (PCs), cells critical for maintaining ionic balance. Large polyploid PCs are outnumbered by RSCs, which replace each lost cell with multiple PCs of lower ploidy. Notably, RSCs do not replenish principal cells or stellate cells in the upper tubules. RSCs generate daughters by asymmetric Notch signaling, yet RSCs remain quiescent (cell cycle-arrested) without damage. Nevertheless, the capacity for RSC-mediated repair extends the lifespan of flies carrying kidney stones. We propose that abundant, RSC-like stem cells exist in other tissues with low rates of turnover where they may have been mistaken for differentiated tissue cells.

scholarly journals Drosophila renal stem cells enhance fitness by delayed remodeling of adult Malpighian tubules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Wang ◽  
Allan C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Renal Stem Cells ◽  
The Common

AbstractDrosophila renal stem cells (RSCs) contradict the common expectation that stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis. RSCs are abundant, quiescent and confined to the peri-ureter region of the kidney-like Malpighian tubules (MTs). Although derived during pupation like intestinal stem cells, RSCs initially remodel the larval MTs only near the intestinal junction. However, following adult injury to the ureter by xanthine stones, RSCs remodel the damaged region in a similar manner. Thus, RSCs represent stem cells encoding a developmental redesign. The remodeled tubules have a larger luminal diameter and shorter brush border, changes linked to enhanced stone resistance. However, RSC-mediated modifications also raise salt sensitivity and reduce fecundity. Our results suggest that RSCs arose by arresting developmental progenitors to preserve larval physiology until a time in adulthood when it becomes advantageous to complete development by RSC activation.One-Sentence SummaryActivated Drosophila renal stem cells rebuild the adult Malphigian tubules using a less efficient but more stone-resistant design.

scholarly journals OC-0583: Intestinal Stem Cells: Modeling of Reserve Stem Cell Population and Volume Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. S304-S305
Author(s):  
E. Bahn ◽  
M. Van Heerden ◽  
J. Gueulette ◽  
K. Slabbert ◽  
W. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Population

scholarly journals Mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert) expression marks slowly cycling intestinal stem cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert K. Montgomery ◽  
Diana L. Carlone ◽  
Camilla A. Richmond ◽  
Loredana Farilla ◽  
Mariette E. G. Kranendonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase

The intestinal epithelium is maintained by a population of rapidly cycling (Lgr5+) intestinal stem cells (ISCs). It has been postulated, however, that slowly cycling ISCs must also be present in the intestine to protect the genome from accumulating deleterious mutations and to allow for a response to tissue injury. Here, we identify a subpopulation of slowly cycling ISCs marked by mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert) expression that can give rise to Lgr5+ cells. mTert-expressing cells distribute in a pattern along the crypt–villus axis similar to long-term label-retaining cells (LRCs) and are resistant to tissue injury. Lineage-tracing studies demonstrate that mTert+ cells give rise to all differentiated intestinal cell types, persist long term, and contribute to the regenerative response following injury. Consistent with other highly regenerative tissues, our results demonstrate that a slowly cycling stem cell population exists within the intestine.

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