scholarly journals Drosophila renal stem cells enhance fitness by delayed remodeling of adult Malpighian tubules

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Wang ◽  
Allan C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Renal Stem Cells ◽  
The Common

AbstractDrosophila renal stem cells (RSCs) contradict the common expectation that stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis. RSCs are abundant, quiescent and confined to the peri-ureter region of the kidney-like Malpighian tubules (MTs). Although derived during pupation like intestinal stem cells, RSCs initially remodel the larval MTs only near the intestinal junction. However, following adult injury to the ureter by xanthine stones, RSCs remodel the damaged region in a similar manner. Thus, RSCs represent stem cells encoding a developmental redesign. The remodeled tubules have a larger luminal diameter and shorter brush border, changes linked to enhanced stone resistance. However, RSC-mediated modifications also raise salt sensitivity and reduce fecundity. Our results suggest that RSCs arose by arresting developmental progenitors to preserve larval physiology until a time in adulthood when it becomes advantageous to complete development by RSC activation.One-Sentence SummaryActivated Drosophila renal stem cells rebuild the adult Malphigian tubules using a less efficient but more stone-resistant design.

scholarly journals An abundant quiescent stem cell population in Drosophila Malpighian tubules protects principal cells from kidney stones

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenhui Wang ◽  
Allan C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Ionic Balance ◽  
Principal Cells ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Renal Stem Cells

SummaryAdult Drosophila Malpighian tubules have low rates of cell turnover but are vulnerable to damage caused by stones, like their mammalian counterparts, kidneys. We show that Drosophila renal stem cells (RSCs) comprise a unique, unipotent regenerative compartment. RSCs respond only to loss of nearby principal cells (PCs), cells critical for maintaining ionic balance. Perhaps due to the large size of PCs they are outnumbered by RSCs, which replace each lost cell with multiple PCs of lower ploidy. RSCs share a developmental origin with highly active intestinal stem cells (ISCs), and like ISCs generate daughters by asymmetric Notch signaling, yet RSCs remain quiescent in the absence of damage. Nevertheless, the capacity for RSC-mediated repair extends the lifespan of flies carrying kidney stones. We propose that abundant, RSC-like stem cells exist in other tissues with low rates of turnover where they may have been mistaken for differentiated tissue cells.

scholarly journals AWD regulates timed activation of BMP signaling in intestinal stem cells to maintain tissue homeostasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Tracy Cai ◽  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Abu Safyan ◽  
Jennifer Gawlik ◽  
George Pyrowolakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells

scholarly journals JNK-mediated spindle reorientation in stem cells promotes dysplasia in the aging intestine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jun-Kit Hu ◽  
Heinrich Jasper
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Intestinal Physiology

AbstractHomeostasis in high-turnover tissues depends on precise yet plastic regulation of stem cell daughter fates. In Drosophila, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) respond to unknown signals to switch from asymmetric to symmetric divisions during feeding-induced growth. Here, we show that this switch is controlled by dynamic reorientation of mitotic spindles by a Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) / Wdr62 / Kif1a interaction. JNK promotes Wdr62 localization at the spindle and represses transcription of the kinesin Kif1a. This activity of JNK results in over-abundance of symmetric divisions in stress conditions, and contributes to the loss of tissue homeostasis in the aging animal. Restoring normal ISC spindle orientation by perturbing the JNK/Wdr62/Kif1a axis is sufficient to improve intestinal physiology and extend lifespan. Our findings reveal a critical role for the dynamic control of SC spindle orientation in epithelial maintenance.

scholarly journals Mitochondria deliver a gut check to intestinal stem cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231-2231
Author(s):  
Ben Short
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Proliferation ◽  
Mitochondrial Turnover

Mitochondrial turnover regulates stem cell proliferation and tissue homeostasis in Drosophila intestines.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in Polycomb gene regulation disrupt lineage fidelity in intestinal stem cells

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M Tauc ◽  
Imilce A Rodriguez-Fernandez ◽  
Jason A Hackney ◽  
Michal Pawlak ◽  
Tal Ronnen Oron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Chromatin Regulation ◽  
Somatic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Specification ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Tissue homeostasis requires long-term lineage fidelity of somatic stem cells. Whether and how age-related changes in somatic stem cells impact the faithful execution of lineage decisions remains largely unknown. Here, we address this question using genome-wide chromatin accessibility and transcriptome analysis as well as single cell RNA-seq to explore stem cell-intrinsic changes in the aging Drosophila intestine. These studies indicate that in stem cells of old flies, promoters of Polycomb (Pc) target genes become differentially accessible, resulting in the increased expression of enteroendocrine (EE) cell specification genes. Consistently, we find age-related changes in the composition of the EE progenitor cell population in aging intestines, as well as a significant increase in the proportion of EE-specified intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progenitors in aging flies. We further confirm that Pc-mediated chromatin regulation is a critical determinant of EE cell specification in the Drosophila intestine. Pc is required to maintain expression of stem cell genes while ensuring repression of differentiation and specification genes. Our results identify Pc group proteins as central regulators of lineage identity in the intestinal epithelium and highlight the impact of age-related decline in chromatin regulation on tissue homeostasis.

Nutritional Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Alonso ◽  
Ömer H. Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Health And Disease

Dietary composition and calorie intake are major determinants of health and disease. Calorie restriction promotes metabolic changes that favor tissue regeneration and is arguably the most successful and best-conserved antiaging intervention. Obesity, in contrast, impairs tissue homeostasis and is a major risk factor for the development of diseases including cancer. Stem cells, the central mediators of tissue regeneration, integrate dietary and energy cues via nutrient-sensing pathways to maintain growth or respond to stress. We discuss emerging data on the effects of diet and nutrient-sensing pathways on intestinal stem cells, as well as their potential application in the development of regenerative and therapeutic interventions.

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