scholarly journals Application of small-angle scattering to study the effects of moisture content on a native soy protein

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Kealley ◽  
Margaret M. Elcombe ◽  
Richard Wuhrer ◽  
Elliot P. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Minimal Change ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Small Angle Region

The nano- and microstructure of glycinin, a soybean protein, has been investigated as a function of moisture for moisture contents between 4 and 21 wt%. Glycinin exhibits peaks in the small-angle region whose positions show minimal change with X-rays for samples up to 13% moisture. However, the use of neutron scattering, and the associated enhancement in contrast, results in the Bragg peaks being well resolved up to higher moisture contents; the associated shift in peak positions between 4 and 21% moisture are consistent with the expansion of a hexagonal unit cell as a function of moisture content. A Porod slope of ∼−4 indicates that the interface between the `dry' protein powder and the surrounding medium at a length-scale of at least 3 µm down to ∼20 nm is smooth and sharp. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that the powders, with low moisture content, have a porous appearance, with the porosity decreasing and microstructure expanding as the moisture content increases.

Advanced Synchrotron Radiation and Neutron Scattering Techniques for Microstructural Characterization in Industrial Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fiori ◽  
Emmanuelle Girardin ◽  
Alessandra Giuliani ◽  
Adrian Manescu ◽  
Serena Mazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Angle Scattering

The rapid development of new materials and their application in an extremely wide variety of research and technological fields has lead to the request of increasingly sophisticated characterization methods. In particular residual stress measurements by neutron diffraction, small angle scattering of X-rays and neutrons, as well as 3D imaging techniques with spatial resolution at the micron or even sub-micron scale, like micro-and nano-computerized tomography, have gained a great relevance in recent years.Residual stresses are autobalancing stresses existing in a free body not submitted to any external surface force. Several manufacturing processes, as well as thermal and mechanical treatments, leave residual stresses within the components. Bragg diffraction of X-rays and neutrons can be used to determine residual elastic strains (and then residual stresses by knowing the material elastic constants) in a non-destructive way. Small Angle Scattering of neutrons or X-rays, complementary to Transmission Electron Microscopy, allows the determination of structural features such as volume fraction, specific surface and size distribution of inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix, in a huge variety of materials of industrial interest. X-ray microtomography is similar to conventional Computed Tomography employed in Medicine, allowing 3D imaging of the investigated samples, but with a much higher spatial resolution, down to the sub-micron scale. Some examples of applications of the experimental techniques mentioned above are described and discussed.

Small-Angle Scattering of Neutrons and X-Rays

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Naveed A Nadvi ◽  
John YH Chow ◽  
Jill Trewhella
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Angle Scattering

scholarly journals Small Angle Scattering of X-Rays

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Masao KAKUDO
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Angle Scattering
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