scholarly journals Disordered sodium alkoxides from powder data: crystal structures of sodium ethoxide, propoxide, butoxide and pentoxide, and some of their solvates

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Maurice Beske ◽  
Stephanie Cronje ◽  
Martin U. Schmidt ◽  
Lukas Tapmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Sodium Ethoxide ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Networks

The crystal structures of sodium ethoxide (sodium ethanolate, NaOEt), sodium n-propoxide (sodium n-propanolate, NaO n Pr), sodium n-butoxide (sodium n-butanolate, NaO n Bu) and sodium n-pentoxide (sodium n-amylate, NaO n Am) were determined from powder X-ray diffraction data. NaOEt crystallizes in space group P 421 m, with Z = 2, and the other alkoxides crystallize in P4/nmm, with Z = 2. To resolve space-group ambiguities, a Bärnighausen tree was set up, and Rietveld refinements were performed with different models. In all structures, the Na and O atoms form a quadratic net, with the alkyl groups pointing outwards on both sides (anti-PbO type). The alkyl groups are disordered. The disorder becomes even more pronounced with increasing chain length. Recrystallization from the corresponding alcohols yielded four sodium alkoxide solvates: sodium ethoxide ethanol disolvate (NaOEt·2EtOH), sodium n-propoxide n-propanol disolvate (NaO n Pr·2 n PrOH), sodium isopropoxide isopropanol pentasolvate (NaO i Pr·5 i PrOH) and sodium tert-amylate tert-amyl alcohol monosolvate (NaO t Am· t AmOH, t Am = 2-methyl-2-butyl). Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All these solvates form chain structures consisting of Na+, –O− and –OH groups, encased by alkyl groups. The hydrogen-bond networks diverge widely among the solvate structures. The hydrogen-bond topology of the i PrOH network in NaO i Pr·5 i PrOH shows branched hydrogen bonds and differs considerably from the networks in pure crystalline i PrOH.

Adamantane derivatives of sulfonamide molecular crystals: structure, sublimation thermodynamic characteristics, molecular packing, and hydrogen bond networks

CrystEngComm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
German L. Perlovich ◽  
Alex M. Ryzhakov ◽  
Valery V. Tkachev ◽  
Alexey N. Proshin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Molecular Crystals ◽  
Thermodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Packing ◽  
Adamantane Derivatives ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Networks ◽  
Derivatives Of

The crystal structures of six adamantane derivatives of sulfonamides have been determined by X-ray diffraction and their sublimation and fusion processes have been studied.

Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von cis-[ReCl4X2]2-, X = NCS, NCSe / Crystal Structures, Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Analysis of cis-[ReCl4X2]2-, X = NCS, NCSe

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Homolya ◽  
S. Strueß ◽  
W. Preetz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Normal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Normal Coordinate ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
Valence Force ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence Force Field ◽  
Ir And Raman

The crystal structures of cis-(n-Bu4N)2[ReCl4(NCS)2] (triclinic, space group P1̅, a = 11,245( 1), b = 20.174(3), c = 21.320(8) Å, a =109.06(2), β = 96.46(2), γ = 98.22(5)°, Z = 4) and cis-(Ph4P)2[ReCl4(NCSe)2]·2CH2Cl2 (triclinic, space group P1̅, a = 10.341(2), b = 13.436(3), c = 19.616(4) Å, α = 92.70(2), β = 92.02(2), γ = 89.99( 1)°, Z= 2) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Both ambidentate ligands NCS and NCSe are bonded via the N atom. Using the molecular parameters of the X-ray determinations the low temperature (10 K) IR and Raman spectra of the (n-Bu4N) salts have been assigned by normal coordinate analysis based on a modified valence force field. The valence force constants fd(ReN) are 1,78(NCS) and 1,79(NCSe) mdyn/ Å.

Die neuen Oxoarsenate(III) AAsO2 (A = Na, K, Rb) und Cs3As5O9. Darstellung, Kristallstrukturen und Raman-Spektren / The New Oxoarsenates(III) AAsO2 (A = Na, K, Rb) and Cs3As5O9. Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Raman Spectra

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Emmerling ◽  
Caroline Röhr
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Alkaline Metal ◽  
Tetrahedral Coordination ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Arsenates

The new alkaline metal arsenates(III) were synthesized at a temperature of 500 °C via reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elemental alkali metals A and As2O3. In the crystal structures of the four title compounds, which have been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction, the As(III) atoms are in ψ-tetrahedral coordination by oxygen exclusively. In NaAsO2 (orthorhombic, space group Pbcm, a = 1429.6(9), b = 677.3(3), c = 509.1(2) pm, Z = 8) and the compounds AAsO2 (A = K/Rb, orthorhombic, space group Pbcm, a = 715.1(2)/729.7(5), b =748.0(1)/775.2(5), c = 539.20(17)/541.1(3) pm, Z = 4) the AsO3 ψ-tetrahedra are condensed to form zig-zag chains [AsOO2/2]−. In the Cs phase Cs3As5O9 with a lower alkaline metal content (trigonal, space group P31m, a = 845.5(3), c = 602.6(2) pm, Z = 1) the two crystallographically independent ψ-tetrahedra AsO3/2 and AsOO2/2 are connected in a 2:3 ratio to give polar sheets [As5O9]3−.

The Constituents of Marine Sponges. IX New Norditerpenoids from Aplysilla pallida

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor W. Hambley ◽  
Walter C. Taylor ◽  
Stephen Toth
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray

Four novel norditerpenoids were isolated from a new encrusting sponge, conveniently labelled Aplysilla pallida. The structures of aplypallidenone (1), aplypallidoxone (2), aplypallidione (3) and aplypallidioxone (4) were elucidated by spectroscopic studies and the crystal structures of aplypallidenone and aplypallidoxone have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. The structure of (1) was refined to a residual of 0·040 for 1665 independent observed reflections and the structure of (2) was refined to a residual of 0·031 for 1699 independent observed reflections. The crystals of (1) are orthorhombic, space group P212121, a 7·728(2), b 10·838(4), c 24·880(5) Å, Z 4. Those of (2) are monoclinic, space group C 2, a 23·927(7), b 6·674(2), c 14·033(3) Å, Z 4.

scholarly journals The crystal structures of kidwellite and ‘laubmannite’, two complex fibrous iron phosphates

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kolitsch
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Metal Cation ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Group Symmetry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Iron Phosphates ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complex Crystal

AbstractThe previously unknown, complex crystal structures of two fibrous ferric iron phosphate minerals have been solved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The structure of a slightly arsenatian kidwellite has been refined in space group P2/c (a = 20.117(4), b = 5.185(1), c = 13.978(3)Å, β = 107.07(3)°, V = 1393.8(5)Å3, Z = 2) to R1 = 5.21%; a revision of both space group symmetry and chemical formula is proposed. The idealized formula is Na(Fe3+,M)9+x(OH)11(H2O)3(PO4)6, where M = Fe3+, Cu2+ or other metal cation, and x ≈ 0.3. The structure of a slightly arsenatian ‘laubmannite’ (as defined by Moore, 1970) has been refined in space group Pbcm (a = 5.172(1), b = 13.999(3), c = 31.083(6)Å, V = 2250.5(8)Å3, Z = 4) to R1 = 3.14%. The revised, idealized formula is (Fe3+,Fe2+,M)8+x(OH,H2O)9(-H2O)2(PO4)5, where M = Fe3+, Cu2+ or other metal cation, and x ≈ 0.1. The framework structures of both minerals are similar. Dominant building units are dimers composed of face- and edge-sharing FeO6 octahedra. Whereas kidwellite contains an additional trimer built of three corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra, ‘laubmannite’ instead contains a dimer built of two corner-sharing FeO6 octahedra. Kidwellite contains only trivalent iron, while one of the Fe sites in ‘laubmannite’ is occupied by a mixture of Fe3+ and Fe2+ in a 1:1 ratio. In both structures, the FeO6-based building units are linked via corners to PO4 tetrahedra; the M sites are located in narrow channels and have very low occupancies (~2 to 7%) and strongly distorted [6]- or [5+1]-coordinations. Close structural relations between kidwellite and ‘laubmannite’, and other fibrous iron phosphates explain observations of epitaxial intergrowths of them.

Tautomerism and hydrogen bonding in guaninium phosphite and guaninium phosphate salts

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Eulmi Bendeif ◽  
Slimane Dahaoui ◽  
Nourredine Benali-Cherif ◽  
Claude Lecomte
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Network ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bond Network ◽  
Phosphate Salts

The crystal structures of three similar guaninium salts, guaninium monohydrogenphosphite monohydrate, C5H6N5O+·H2O3P−·H2O, guaninium monohydrogenphosphite dihydrate, C5H6N5O+·H2O3P−·2H2O, and guaninium dihydrogenmonophosphate monohydrate, C5H6N5O+·H2O4P−·H2O, are described and compared. The crystal structures have been determined from accurate single-crystal X-ray data sets collected at 100 (2) K. The two phosphite salts are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with different packing and the monophosphate salt is also monoclinic, space group P21/n. An investigation of the hydrogen-bond network in these guaninium salts reveals the existence of two ketoamine tautomers, the N9H form and an N7H form.

On racemic and L-malates: a comparison of their crystal structures

2004 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Fleck ◽  
Ekkehart Tillmanns ◽  
Ladislav Bohatý ◽  
Peter Held
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Powder Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Diffraction File ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe crystal structures of eight different L-malates have been determined and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compounds are the monoclinic (space groupIn addition, for all the compounds, powder diffraction data were collected, analysed and submitted to the powder diffraction file (PDF).

Orthoborate Halides with the Formula (M+II)5(BO3)3X: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Raman Spectra of Eu5(BO3)3Cl and Ba5(BO3)3X (X = Cl, Br)

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Reckeweg ◽  
Armin Schulz ◽  
Francis J. DiSalvo
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Incremental Volume

Single crystals of Eu5(BO3)3Cl were obtained by serendipity by reacting Eu2O3 and Mg with B2O3 at 1300 K in the presence of an NaCl melt for 13 h in silica-jacketed Nb ampoules. Ba5(BO3)3X (X = Cl, Br) crystals were formed by direct synthesis from appropriate amounts of Ba(OH)2, H3BO3 and the respective barium halide (hydrate) in alumina crucibles kept in the open atmosphere at 1300 K for 13 h. The crystal structures of the title compounds were determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds crystallize isotypically to Sr5(BO3)3Cl in the orthorhombic space group C2221 (no. 20, Z = 4) with the lattice parameters a = 1000.34(7), b = 1419.00(9), c = 739.48(5) pm for Eu5(BO3)3Cl, a = 1045.49(5), b = 1487.89(8), c = 787.01(4) pm for Ba5(BO3)3Cl, and a = 1048.76(7), b = 1481.13(9) and c = 801.22(5) pm for Ba5(BO3)3Br. The Raman spectra of all compounds were acquired and are presented and compared to literature data. The incremental volume of the orthoborate (BO3)3− anion has been determined and is compared to the Biltz volume

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and an Overview of Alkali Metal Maleates

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Fleck ◽  
Ladislav Bohatý
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Position ◽  
Potassium Hydrogen ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen ◽  
Atom Position

The crystal structures of four alkali salts of maleic acid have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction: crystals of rubidium hydrogen maleate, RbH(C4H2O4), are very nearly centrosymmetrical, i. e., only one hydrogen atom position in the crystal structure violates the centrosymmetry. Thus, the space group is Pbc21 rather than Pbcm. The compound is isotypic with potassium hydrogen maleate, KH(C4H2O4), which has previously been described in space group Pbcm. It has been reinvestigated to prove that the correct space group is also Pbc21. The isotypic pair of rubidium hydrogen maleate maleic acid, RbH(C4H2O4) H2(C4H2O4), and caesium hydrogen maleate maleic acid, CsH(C4H2O4)H2(C4H2O4), crystallise in the triclinic space group P1̄. The geometry of the maleate units in these compounds corresponds well to data of other metal maleates. The only significant variation, concerning the intra-anionic hydrogen bond, is discussed. Furthermore, an overview of previously reported metal maleate structures is given, with special regard to the symmetry of the intramolecular hydrogen bond.

Divalent Metal Complexes of 2-Formylphenoxyacetic Acid: The Crystal Structures of 2-Formylphenoxyacetic Acid, and the Isomorphous Cobalt(II) and Zinc(II) 2-Formylphenoxyacetates

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHL Kennard ◽  
EJ O'Reilly ◽  
G Smith ◽  
TCW Mak
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Planar Molecules ◽  
Divalent Metal Complexes ◽  
Monoclinic Cell

The crystal structures of 2-formylphenoxyacetic acid ( ofpaH ), tetraaquabis (2-formylphenoxyacetato)-cobalt(II) (1) and tetraaquabis (2- formylphenoxyacetato )zinc(II) (2) have been determined by X-ray diffraction and refined to residuals R 0.039, 0.058 and 0.045 for 1197, 1178 and 1230 observed reflections respectively. 2-Formylphenoxyacetic acid crystallizes in a monoclinic cell, space group P21/n with a 8.066(2), b 7.375(1), c 14.206(2) Ǻ, β 98.12(1)° and Z 4. The planar molecules form unusual hydrogen-bonded chain polymers (O…O 2.694(3)Ǻ] linked through the carboxyl groups. The complexes (1) and (2) are isomorphous, the comparative cells being a 5.036(1), b 13.463(3), c 15.083(4) Ǻ, β 96.88(2)° for (1), and a 5.044(1), b 13.481(3), c 15.055(4) Ǻ, β 96.95(2)° for (2), with Z 2 and space group P21. The complexes have four waters and two trans-related carboxyl oxygens [mean M-O distances 2.129(5) and 2.117(3) Ǻ respectively] completing almost regular octahedral stereochemistries . The nickel(II) complex [Ni( ofpa )(H2O)4] is probably not isostructural with (1) and (2), and the copper(II) complex is also different, with formula [Cu( ofpa )2(H2O)2].

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