Northern Ireland’s DUP faces daunting challenges

Significance Poots’s election comes against the backdrop of Unionist anger over the Northern Ireland protocol (NIP) and the DUP’s dwindling support in the polls. Poots has said his main objective is to abolish the NIP. Impacts Political tension over the NIP in the lead-up to the Unionist 'marching season' in July could trigger more social unrest and riots. An EU-UK veterinary agreement would go a long way in reducing trade disruption between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A poor result for the DUP in next year’s elections would weaken further its ability to scrap the NIP.

Significance However, the departure of former US President Donald Trump -- who was an enthusiastic supporter of Brexit and UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson -- has made this harder to achieve. Impacts Johnson will consider holding a snap election in 2023 to capitalise on the successful vaccination campaign and economic reopening. The failure to conclude a US-UK FTA would increase the prospects of an EU-UK veterinary agreement. Without a UK-EU veterinary agreement, the chances of persistent disruption on trade between Great Britain and Northern Ireland will grow.


Significance Brexit's direct impacts on goods trade are beginning to emerge. In sectors that rely on complex supply chains or are characterised by large capital investments, the full impacts will take some years to materialise. COVID-19 related restrictions on travel have obscured the effects of Brexit on services trade. Impacts Persistent UK-EU tension could force some UK firms to stop trading with the EU or permanently relocate to Europe. Lack of trust between London and Brussels will prevent closer trade cooperation over the coming years. UK imports will face more disruption once the government ends its temporary light-touch approach to imports, probably after 2021. Tension over the Northern Ireland protocol threatens to trigger social unrest in Northern Ireland over the next few months.


Significance The extension permits retailers in Northern Ireland to continue importing products such as mince, sausages and pies from Great Britain until September 30. It is designed to ease implementation of the Northern Ireland protocol (NIP) at a time of heightened tension between the EU and United Kingdom over Northern Ireland. Impacts London could announce further unilateral action concerning the NIP before the parliamentary recess on July 22. Future unilateral action by the UK government in relation to the NIP’s implementation risks undermining the EU-UK trade deal. Though unlikely, early elections in Northern Ireland this year would further complicate the implementation of the protocol.


1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (206) ◽  
pp. 285-285

In a letter which reached the President of the Swiss Confederation on 13 April 1978, the Kingdom of Tonga declared that it considered itself bound by the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the protection of war victims, by virtue of the prior ratification of the Conventions by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.


Significance The differing perspectives of unionists and nationalists on the creation of Northern Ireland as a political entity within the United Kingdom, together with Brexit and tensions over the Northern Ireland Protocol (NIP), have brought the contentious issue of Irish reunification onto the political agenda in Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Impacts Scottish independence would likely increase momentum for a referendum on Irish unity. Successful implementation of the NIP, giving firms access to EU and UK markets, may support arguments for maintaining the status quo. If the UK government abandons the NIP, the adverse trade impact on Northern Irish firms could increase support for unification.


Significance As many as a dozen lockdown parties are now alleged to have been held at Downing Street, significantly damaging Johnson’s support among the public and his Conservative Party. His position as party leader and prime minister is gravely threatened. Impacts Johnson’s domestic troubles, coupled with rising economic concerns, increase the chance of an agreement with the EU over Northern Ireland. Disillusionment with Johnson, opposition to net-zero and culture wars open the door for Nigel Farage’s Reform Party to revive its appeal. Rising inflation threatens to undermine consumer confidence and slow the economic recovery over the coming year.


Author(s):  

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer. Hosts: Pinus and Ribes. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China (Shensi), India (N.W.), Iran, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan, USSR (Siberia), EUROPE, Austria, Belgium, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR (Tranzschel; Kuprevich & Tranzschel loc. cit.), (Ukraine), Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, USA.


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