EU climate progress will be most clear in renewables

Significance Although the exact details of the package remain subject to clarification and amendment, it requires a much broader decarbonisation effort beyond the power sector, as well as public-sector financial commitments to higher-risk energy transition technologies such as hydrogen and carbon capture and storage. Impacts Increased renewable energy capacity and wider electrification will highlight lagging investment in electricity grid infrastructure. Enhanced offshore wind targets and European developers’ desire to enter foreign markets will stretch offshore wind supply chains. Although increasingly contentious, the role of gas is likely to become more important in terms of European security of energy supply.

Significance The country has made considerable progress in recent years on energy security and cutting emissions. However, achieving the 2050 target requires the development of a hydrogen strategy, a breakthrough on carbon capture and storage (CCS), significant electrification of transport, and a huge expansion of solar and wind power. Impacts Offshore wind again looks likely to be the main beneficiary of the government’s next CfD bid rounds. Hydrogen technologies appear set to become the next major area of innovation and growth within the renewables sector. CCS will remain a problematic area of development.


Author(s):  
Hon Chung Lau ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Adiyodi Veettil Radhamani

Subject Offshore wind in northern Europe. Significance Falling costs, the adoption of net zero carbon targets and a growing acceptance of the role ‘green’ hydrogen will play in natural gas decarbonisation have seen northern European countries’ raise their targets for new offshore wind capacity. Energy island concepts are being promoted to tap the resource further offshore. Denmark will build two energy islands as the centrepiece of its plans to deliver huge emissions cuts by 2030. Impacts Oil majors looking towards energy source diversification are likely to be attracted to offshore wind. It is unclear whether Carbon Capture and Storage projects will lose out to ‘green’ hydrogen production or be pursued in tandem. The offshore wind sector and its supply chains are likely to become an important source of new job creation.


2018 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Vinca ◽  
Marianna Rottoli ◽  
Giacomo Marangoni ◽  
Massimo Tavoni

Author(s):  
John Evans

The chemical properties of the volatile elements in groups 15 to 18 are outlined, showing how the the periodicicty of the properties of the elements shapes their chemistry. The manufacture of hydrogen and chlorine is described, showing how mercury-free methods have been developed for the latter. The effect of the formation of atmospheric CO2 on atmospheric oxygen content is explained in terms of dissolution in the oceans. Remediation of the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines by catalysts to remove CO2, NOx and carbonaceous particulates is explained. Options for carbon capture and storage by physical and chemical processes are evaluated, and examples provided of these processes in operation. Exploitation of the atmosphere for energy capture using wind turbines has been aided by the development of high performance magnets. The basis of these magnets and the role of rare earth elements is explained.


2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-750
Author(s):  
Sébastien Chailleux

Analyzing the case of France, this article aims to explain how the development of enhanced oil recovery techniques over the last decade contributed to politicizing the subsurface, that is putting underground resources at the center of social unrest and political debates. France faced a decline of its oil and gas activity in the 1990s, followed by a renewal with subsurface activity in the late 2000s using enhanced oil recovery techniques. An industrial demonstrator for carbon capture and storage was developed between 2010 and 2013 , while projects targeting unconventional oil and gas were pushed forward between 2008 and 2011 before eventually being canceled. We analyze how the credibility, legitimacy, and governance of those techniques were developed and how conflicts made the role of the subsurface for energy transition the target of political choices. The level of political and industrial support and social protest played a key role in building project legitimacy, while the types of narratives and their credibility determined the distinct trajectories of hydraulic fracturing and carbon capture and storage in France. The conflicts over enhanced oil recovery techniques are also explained through the critical assessment of the governance framework that tends to exclude civil society stakeholders. We suggest that these conflicts illustrated a new type of politicization of the subsurface by merging geostrategic concerns with social claims about governance, ecological demands about pollution, and linking local preoccupations to global climate change.


2017 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 6036-6043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mander ◽  
Kevin Anderson ◽  
Alice Larkin ◽  
Clair Gough ◽  
Naomi Vaughan

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-136
Author(s):  
Quentin Fisher ◽  
Frauke Schaefer ◽  
Ieva Kaminskaite ◽  
David N Dewhurst ◽  
Graham Yielding

Predicting the sealing capacity of faults and caprocks has been a long-standing uncertainty for those involved in the exploration, appraisal and development of petroleum reservoirs. In more recent years, interest in the topic has increased in a wide range of other applications, particularly those related to the decarbonization of our energy supply such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), radioactive waste disposal, geothermal energy production and underground energy storage (e.g. compressed air, hydrogen). Knowledge of how faults impact fluid flow is also important for management of drinking water supplies. To communicate new advances in research in these areas, the EAGE organized the first international conference on Fault and Top Seals in 2003. These conferences have continued to be held at roughly 4 yearly intervals and have brought together scientists from a wide range of disciplines to discuss new research findings and workflows relevant to predicting fault and top seal behaviour, as well as presenting case studies covering both successful and unsuccessful attempts to predict sealing capacity.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Fault and top seals collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/fault-and-top-seals-2019


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