scholarly journals A Socio-legal Analysis of Gender-based Victimization, Misogyny and the Hate Crime Paradigm in England and Wales

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-128
Author(s):  
Marian Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Gender Based

Legislating Against Hate Crime in New Zealand: The Need to Recognise Gender-Based Violence

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Brown
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Criminal Sentencing ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Gender Based

Section 9(1)(h) of the Sentencing Act 2002 provides that hate crime is to be taken into account as an aggravating factor when sentencing. Yet gender is excluded from the listed grounds of hostility. This article critically examines the exclusion of gender-based hate crime in New Zealand in relation to criminal sentencing. It advocates that there is a need to recognise such hate crime and proposes a reformulated section 9(1)(h) to achieve this.

Formulating the legislative structure of a hate crime

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Schweppe
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Hate Crime Legislation ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
Crime Legislation ◽  
Legislative Structure ◽  
Statutory Basis

While hate crime legislation is well established in England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, Ireland has failed to address the issue of hate crime on a statutory basis. Law reform processes are currently underway across these jurisdictions, and this article seeks to explore a fundamental question in this context, that is, the relative merits of various approaches to structuring hate crime legislation.

Hate crime against older people in England and Wales – an econometric enquiry

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Iparraguirre
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geographical Unit

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an econometric analysis of hate crime against older people based on data for England and Wales for 2010-2011 disaggregated by Crown Prosecution Service area – a geographical unit which is co-terminus with local authorities. Design/methodology/approach – The authors ran different specifications of structural regression models including one latent variable and accounting for a number of interactions between the covariates. Findings – The paper suggests that the higher the level of other types of hate crime is in an area, the higher the level of hate crime against older people. Demographics are also significant: a higher concentration of older and young people partially explains hate crime levels against the former. Employment, income and educational deprivation are also associated with biased-crime against older people. Conviction rates seem to reduce hate crime against older people, and one indicator of intergenerational contact is not significant. Research limitations/implications – Due to data availability and quality, the paper only studies one years worth of data. Consequently, the research results may lack generalisability. Furthermore, the proxy variable for intergenerational contact may not be the most suitable indicator; however, there will not be any other indicators available until Census data come out. Practical implications – The paper suggests that factors underlying hate crime would also influence hate crime against older people. Besides, the results would not support the “generational clash” view. Tackling income, educational and employment deprivation would help significantly reduce the number of episodes of biased criminal activity against older people. Improving conviction rates of all types of hate crime would also contribute to the reduction of hate crime against older people. Originality/value – This paper presents the first econometric analysis of hate crime against older people.

scholarly journals Honor-Based Abuse in England and Wales: Who Does What to Whom?

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780122095216
Author(s):  
Lis Bates
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Abuse ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Victim Services ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Family Abuse ◽  
The Relationship

Key findings are presented from an empirical study profiling 1,474 cases of honor-based abuse (HBA) known to police and victim services in England and Wales. Thematic and quantitative (regression) analyses were used to investigate whether and how HBA differed from other forms of domestic abuse and forced marriage. A new typology of HBA is proposed, based principally on the relationship(s) between victim and perpetrator(s). Interpreted within an overarching lens of gender-based violence, it is argued that Type 1 (partner abuse) and Type 3 (partner plus family abuse) are culturally specific forms of domestic abuse, whereas Type 2 (family abuse) is distinct.

scholarly journals The hyper-regulation of public space: the use and abuse of Public Spaces Protection Orders in England and Wales

Legal Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Protection Orders ◽  
The United Kingdom

Contemporary state authorities in the United Kingdom and elsewhere have increasingly sought to regulate the use of public space. This paper explores through a doctrinal and socio-legal analysis how recently introduced Public Spaces Protection Orders (PSPOs) are being used in England and Wales to enforce majoritarian sensibilities at the expense of due process and civil liberties. PSPOs were introduced in October 2014. These orders grant considerable discretion to local authorities to use the threat of criminal sanction to regulate activities in public spaces that they regard as being detrimental to the quality of life of residents. This paper provides the first comprehensive critique of how these orders are used to target minority and vulnerable groups, while curtailing fundamental freedoms. The paper includes suggestions for reforms to make the PSPO function in a manner that is more compatible with a rights-based approach.

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