Method of Modifying Spatial Taste Location Through Multielectrode Galvanic Taste Stimulation

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore hedonicity to basic tastes in patients with functional motor disorders (FMDs) that are often associated with impairment in emotional processing. We recruited 20 FMD patients and 24 healthy subjects, matched for age and sex. Subjects were asked to rate the hedonic sensation (i.e., pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant) on a − 10 to +10 scale to the four basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) at different concentrations, and neutral stimuli (i.e., no taste stimulation) by means of the Taste Strips Test. Anxiety, depression, and alexithymia were assessed. FMD patients rated the highest concentration of sweet taste (6.7 ± 2.6) as significantly more pleasant than controls (4.7 ± 2.5, p = 0.03), and the neutral stimuli significantly more unpleasant (patients: − 0.7 ± 0.4, controls: 0.1 ± 0.4, p = 0.013). Hedonic ratings were not correlated to anxiety, depression, or alexithymia scores. Hedonic response to taste is altered in FMD patients. This preliminary finding might result from abnormal interaction between sensory processing and emotional valence.

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Effects of auditory and taste stimulation on sucking, heart rate, and movement in the newborn

Infant Behavior and Development ◽

10.1016/s0163-6383(82)80034-9 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 5 (2-4) ◽

pp. 237-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patricia A. Daniel ◽

Julie Rockwood Zakreski ◽

Lewis P. Lipsitt

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Taste Stimulation

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A remedy for dry mouth using taste stimulation

Folia Pharmacologica Japonica ◽

10.1254/fpj.145.288 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 145 (6) ◽

pp. 288-292

Author(s):

Shizuko Satoh-Kuriwada ◽

Takashi Sasano

Keyword(s):

Dry Mouth ◽

Taste Stimulation

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A comparison of two electric taste stimulation devices

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 658-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Scott T. McClure ◽

Harry T. Lawless

Keyword(s):

Taste Stimulation ◽

Electric Taste

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Cardiovascular reflex caused by taste stimulation in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries

Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System ◽

10.1016/0165-1838(96)80032-4 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 56 (1-2) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

Natsu Odajima ◽

Tetsuo Furukawa

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Cardiovascular Reflex ◽

Taste Stimulation

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IDENTIFIED NEURONES INVOLVED IN THE CONTROL OF RHYTHMIC BUCCAL MOTOR ACTIVITY IN THE SNAIL ACHAT1NA FULICA

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.164.1.117 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 164 (1) ◽

pp. 117-133

Author(s):

MASAYUKI YOSHIDA ◽

MAKOTO KOBAYASHI

Keyword(s):

Motor Activity ◽

Land Snail ◽

Achatina Fulica ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Rhythmic Motor ◽

Buccal Ganglia ◽

Feeding Rhythm ◽

Taste Stimulation ◽

Stimulation Of

In the land snail Achatina fulica, it has been suggested that two pairs of cerebral neurones, ventral cerebral distinct neurones (v-CDNs) and Cl neurones, and a pair of buccal motoneurones (Bls) are involved in the control of rhythmic motor activity (RMA) in the buccal ganglia. These neurones, when tonically fired by depolarizing current injection, could individually initiate and maintain RMA in previously quiescent isolated ganglia. The rhythm elicited by v-CDN persisted for several cycles after the firing of v-CDN stopped, while that elicited by Cl or Bl ceased immediately after the firing of these neurones stopped. RMA also occurred spontaneously and could be induced by labial nerve stimulation in a reduced preparation. Nevertheless, such rhythms were not always accompanied by the firing of v-CDN, Cl or BL. Thus, the firing of these neurones appears to be sufficient, but not essential, for rhythm generation in the experimental conditions. Taste stimulation of the lip in semi-intact preparations often induced RMA in the buccal ganglia. However, v-CDN and Bl were not tonically excited by the stimulation. It seemsunlikely that v-CDN and Bl are critical elements in the generation of the feeding rhythm. Cl responded to taste stimuli with excitation after RMA had begun, suggesting that Cl isinvolved in the taste-induced buccal rhythm

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Searching for relief: Drosophila melanogaster navigation in a virtual bitter maze

10.1101/804054 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Meda ◽

Giovanni Frighetto ◽

Aram Megighian ◽

Mauro Agostino Zordan

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Pain Relief ◽

Bitter Taste ◽

Place Learning ◽

Relevant Stimulus ◽

Searching Behaviour ◽

Safe Area ◽

Visual Markers ◽

Open Circular ◽

Taste Stimulation

AbstractAnimals use pain-relief learning to discern which actions can diminish or abolish noxious stimuli. If relief from pain is provided in a specific location, place learning is the mechanism used to pinpoint that location in space. Little is known about how physiological and non-directly damaging stimuli can alter visual-based searching behaviour in animals. Here we show how the optogenetically-induced activation of bitter-sensing neurons urges Drosophila melanogaster to seek relief from bitter taste stimulation and that this distressful, but ecologically relevant stimulus, innately wired to the threat of intoxication, is sufficient to elicit pain-relief-like behavioural responses. Specifically, freely walking flies inside an open circular arena are trained to seek relief from the unpleasant stimulation by searching for a safe area alternatively positioned in the proximity of a pair of identical, diametrically opposed, visual markers. Moreover, and perhaps more importantly, under this paradigm flies develop visual place learning manifested by their seeking relief in the zone associated with bitter relief during the last trial of training, even when exposed to constant bitter stimulation with no relief provided. An important implication is that this form of learning does not lead to operant conditioning generalization. We further propose that kinematic indexes, such as the spatially-specific reduction of locomotor velocity, may provide immediate evidence of relief-based place learning and spatial memory.

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