Antibacterial, Antibiofilm and Anti-Virulence Activity of Biactive Fractions from Mucus Secretion of Giant African Snail Achatina fulica against Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Staphylococcus aureus is an important etiological agent that causes skin infections, and has the propensity to form biofilms, leading to significant mortality and morbidity in patients with wounds. Mucus secretion from the Giant African snail Achatina fulica is a potential source of biologically active substances that might be an important source for new drugs to treat resistant and biofilm-forming bacteria such as S. aureus. This study evaluated the effect of semi-purified fractions from the mucus secretion of A. fulica on the growth, biofilm formation and virulence factors of S. aureus. Two fractions: FMA30 (Mw >30 kDa) and FME30 (Mw 30−10 kDa) exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a MIC50 of 25 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. An inhibition of biofilm formation higher than 80% was observed at 9 µg/mL with FMA30 and 120 µg/mL with FME30. Furthermore, inhibition of hemolytic and protease activity was determined using a concentration of MIC20, and FME30 showed a strong inhibitory effect in the formation of clots. We report for the first time the effect of semi-purified fractions of mucus secretion of A. fulica on biofilm formation and activity of virulence factors such as α-hemolysin, coagulase and proteases produced by S. aureus strains.

INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF SNAIL (Achatina fulica (Lam.) Bowdich) MUCUS ON GROWTH OF MAMMARY CANCER IN RAT INDUCED WITH DMBA (7,12-DIMETHYLBENZ(α)ANTHRACENE)

Back to nature as a medication concept has been accepted widely because it has fewer side effects than modern medicines. Researches on natural products as anticancer agent therapies are in progress. This present research was conducted to determine that the inhibitory activity of snail (Achatina fulica (Lam.) Bowdich) mucus inhibits the growth rate of mammary cancer in SpragueDawley rats. Five groups of female rats, with four individuals each, were induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA) for five weeks. Snail mucus was applied every seven days to the treated rats with three different dosages (15, 20, and 25 mg/kg BW). Observations were done on diameters and growth rate of the mammary cancer lump developed at the end of week 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. Histopathological examination was carried out at the end of the 16th week. Inhibitory activity results showed a row of average diameter of the cancerous lumps on rats with the following details. The results obtained from the application of snail mucus at dosage of 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg BW were at 0.40, 0.60, and 0.09 cm respectively along with average growth rate of cancerous lumps at 1.50, 0.75, and 0.25. The histopathology results of the snail mucus treatment at dosage of 15, 20, and 25 mg/kg BW showed normal tissue depiction and similarly normal histopathological form indicated by the presence of their sub-clinic components. The results showed that a snail mucus dose of 25 mg/kg BW was able to perform inhibitory activity on growing mammary cancer in rats induced by DMBA.

Composição da malacofauna terrestre urbana de União da Vitória, extremo sul do Paraná, Brasil / Composition of the urban terrestrial malacofauna of União da Vitória, extreme south of Paraná, Brazil

Os gastrópodes terrestres enfrentam um grave problema, além das alterações nos ambientes naturais, sofrem a competição direta com espécies exóticas e pela introdução demasiada dessas espécies. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar um inventário das espécies de gastrópodes terrestres em União da Vitória, extremo sul do Paraná, com a finalidade de fornecer informações para análises ecológicas e taxonômicas em uma área urbana. Na zona urbana central foram amostradas 20 áreas domiciliares, durante os meses de junho, setembro e dezembro de 2019 e março de 2020. Em cada local, os gastrópodes foram coletados usando três quadrantes com área amostral de 5 m2. As amostragens envolveram padronização de esforço amostral através do método de coleta ativa manual. Um total de 10 famílias, 15 espécies e 1.835 espécimes foram registrados na biocenose estudada. As espécies Leptinaria sp., Happia insularis, Belocaulus angustipes e Succinea aff. burmeisteri foram encontradas em apenas uma coleta. As espécies dominantes foram Bradybaena similaris (70,3%, n = 1.290), Phyllocaulis soleiformis (10,7%, n = 196) e Achatina fulica (7,85%, n = 144) totalizando 88,85 % dos espécimes coletados. As espécies constantes foram Bradybaena similaris, Achatina fulica, Cornu aspersum, Limax maximus, Limacus flavus, Phyllocaulis soleiformis e Meghimatium pictum. Entre as espécies encontradas, sete são espécies exóticas introduzidas. A utilização de uma metodologia de coleta adequada para ambiente urbano possibilitou a amostragem de espécimes que apresentam preferência por hortas, jardins, plantações, terrenos baldios e solo. De uma maneira geral, a fauna de moluscos foi subrepresentada, entretanto, a riqueza tanto das espécies exóticas quanto as espécies nativas foi equivalente, o que é esperado em centros urbanos.

Karakterisasi dan Efektifitas Cangkang Bekicot (Achatina fulica) Sebagai Biosorben dalam Menyerap Logam Berat Fe pada Air Limbah Sintetik

The metal remittance in this review is Fe metal, since Fe is one of the metals that is generally contained in water. Whenever devoured water containing Fe that surpasses the limit, it will be awful for wellbeing. The purpose for this research was to portray the biosorbent of snail shell powder and to test the presentation of the biosorbent in the retention of substantial metal iron (Fe). From the aftereffects of the FTIR test, it is assessed that there has been an adjustment of chitin to chitosan. The chitosan spectra acquired showed the presence of a retention band at a wave number of 3066 cm-1 because of the extending vibration of the - Goodness bunch. while for the portrayal utilizing SEM, the molecule size of the biosorbent has different sizes, to be specific with a size scope of 2.16 - 3.44 m to 2.54 - 12.12µm. The development of a coral-like surface is the most definitive factor in the partition of the weighty metal retention interaction of Fe. The computation of the viability esteem showed that the adequacy of snail shell powder in engrossing 10 ppm Fe metal was at a mass of 20 g with a mixing season of 30 minutes, which was 99.2%.

Protein hidrolisat daging bekicot (Achatina fulica) sebagai pengurang penggunaan tepung ikan terhadap performa ayam kampung super

The aim of the study was to determine the level of use of fermented snail meat protein hydrolyzate (FSMPH) as a reduction of fish meal (FM) in the ration, and its effect on the production performance of “super” native chicken (SNC). Research materials were SNC unsexing and FSMPH. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The research ration treatments were: P0 = FM 8% without FSMPH (Control), P1= TI 6%+FSMPH 5 ml/kg ration, P2= TI 4%+FSMPH 10 ml/kg ration, P3= TI 2%+FSMPH 15 ml/kg ration, P4= TI 0%+FSMPH 20 ml/kg ration. The results showed that the a reduction of FM with FSMPH on SNC ration consumption at each level had no significant effect (P>0.05) on control feed, BW, BWG, and FCR in P1, P2, and P3 treatments on control feed, but showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in lower BW, BWG, and higher FCR in P4 treatment of SNC fed with 8% (control). The conclusion was that FSMPH can be used as a reduction for FM up to 75% of the use of FM in the ration as much as 8%.