Power transmission line capacity is restricted with the maximum temperature that can withstand without inadmissible of line sag. Regardless of the carried current, the temperature of the transmission line conductors was affected by various weather variables. However, the maximum capacity of the line current known as static thermal rating was determined based on the conservative weather conditions for safe operation, but the restriction of the line capacity may be modified which results in the additional capacity of the line. As a result, real-time thermal rating technique was applied on thermal model of the transmission line. Generally, the information about weather conditions is considered uncertainty, however, the weather variables should be dealt with and studied statistically for determining the accurate rise in the conductor temperature. The real-time thermal rating technique is evaluated using weather variables. The most important parameter is the wind speed, which greatly influence s conductor temperature and implicitly affects power transmission line capacity. Thus, in this study, the real-time thermal rating technique is developed by weather variable model based on the variational mode decomposition technique that applied only on the wind speed for adapting wind speed measurements to produce conservative evaluation of convective cooling on the conductors of power transmission system without violating the maximum operating temperature inside the core of conductors. The developed real-time thermal rating is implemented on sections of the power transmission system of western Saudi Arabia. The developed technique is compared with other techniques to investigate its applicability.
Ship Handling in Unprotected Waters: A Review of New Technologies in Escort Tugs to Improve Safety
