Design of human likeness in HRI from uncanny valley to minimal design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenobu Sumioka ◽  
Takashi Minato ◽  
Yoshio Matsumoto ◽  
Pericle Salvini ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiguro
Keyword(s):  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Minimal Design

scholarly journals Sending an Avatar to Do a Human's Job: Compliance with Authority Persists Despite the Uncanny Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himalaya Patel ◽  
Karl F. MacDorman
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Authority Figure ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Motion Quality

Just as physical appearance affects social influence in human communication, it may also affect the processing of advice conveyed through avatars, computer-animated characters, and other human-like interfaces. Although the most persuasive computer interfaces are often the most human-like, they have been predicted to incur the greatest risk of falling into the uncanny valley, the loss of empathy attributed to characters that appear eerily human. Previous studies compared interfaces on the left side of the uncanny valley, namely, those with low human likeness. To examine interfaces with higher human realism, a between-groups factorial experiment was conducted through the internet with 426 midwestern U.S. undergraduates. This experiment presented a hypothetical ethical dilemma followed by the advice of an authority figure. The authority was manipulated in three ways: depiction (digitally recorded or computer animated), motion quality (smooth or jerky), and advice (disclose or refrain from disclosing sensitive information). Of these, only the advice changed opinion about the ethical dilemma, even though the animated depiction was significantly eerier than the human depiction. These results indicate that compliance with an authority persists even when using an uncannily realistic computer-animated double.

Uncanny valley hypothesis and hierarchy of facial features in the human likeness continua: An eye-tracking approach.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Bouchardet da Fonseca Grebot ◽  
Pedro Henrique Pinheiro Cintra ◽  
Emilly Fátima Ferreira de Lima ◽  
Michella Vaz de Castro ◽  
Rui de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Human Likeness

scholarly journals Virtual faces evoke only a weak uncanny valley effect: An empirical investigation with controlled virtual face images

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Kätsyri ◽  
Beatrice de Gelder ◽  
Tapio Takala
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Face Images ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Upward Curvature ◽  
Virtual Face

The uncanny valley (UV) hypothesis suggests that increasingly human-like robots or virtual characters elicit more familiarity in their observers (positive affinity) with the exception of near-human characters that elicit strong feelings of eeriness (negative affinity). We studied this hypothesis in three experiments with carefully matched images of virtual faces varying from artificial to realistic. We investigated both painted and computer-generated (CG) faces to tap a broad range of human-likeness and to test whether CG faces would be particularly sensitive to the UV effect. Overall, we observed a linear relationship with a slight upward curvature between human-likeness and affinity. In other words, less realistic faces triggered greater eeriness in an accelerating manner. We also observed a weak UV effect for CG faces; however, least human-like faces elicited much more negative affinity in comparison. We conclude that although CG faces elicit a weak UV effect, this effect is not fully analogous to the original UV hypothesis. Instead, the subjective evaluation curve for face images resembles an uncanny slope more than a UV. Based on our results, we also argue that subjective affinity should be contrasted against subjective ratherthan objective measures of human-likeness when testing UV.

Theoretical Considerations for Social Learning between a Human Observer and a Robot Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061
Author(s):  
Boyoung Kim ◽  
Elizabeth Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Robot Design ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Unethical Behaviors ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Robot Appearance ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Robots are entering various domains of human societies, potentially unfolding more opportunities for people to perceive robots as social agents. We expect that having robots in proximity would create unique social learning situations where humans spontaneously observe and imitate robots’ behaviors. At times, these occurrences of humans’ imitating robot behaviors may result in a spread of unsafe or unethical behaviors among humans. For responsible robot designing, therefore, we argue that it is essential to understand physical and psychological triggers of social learning in robot design. Grounded in the existing literature of social learning and the uncanny valley theories, we discuss the human-likeness of robot appearance and affective responses associated with robot appearance as likely factors that either facilitate or deter social learning. We propose practical considerations for social learning and robot design.

scholarly journals Category Processing and the human likeness dimension of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis: Eye-Tracking Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Cheetham ◽  
Ivana Pavlovic ◽  
Nicola Jordan ◽  
Pascal Suter ◽  
Lutz Jancke
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Human Likeness

Human-likeness assessment for the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Łupkowski ◽  
Marek Rybka ◽  
Dagmara Dziedzic ◽  
Wojciech Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Internal Part ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Typical Model ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe Uncanny Valley Hypothesis (UVH, proposed in the 1970s) suggests that looking at or interacting with almost human-like artificial characters would trigger eeriness or discomfort. We studied how well subjects can assess degrees of human likeness for computer-generated characters. We conducted two studies, where subjects were asked to assess human likeness of given computer-generated models (Study 1) and to point the most typical model for a given category (Study 2). The results suggest that evaluation of the way human likeness is assessed should be an internal part of UVH research.

scholarly journals Parental Acceptance of Children’s Storytelling Robots: A Projection of the Uncanny Valley of AI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaolan Lin ◽  
Selma Šabanović ◽  
Lynn Dombrowski ◽  
Andrew D. Miller ◽  
Erin Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Parental Acceptance ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Story Time ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Design Fiction

Parent–child story time is an important ritual of contemporary parenting. Recently, robots with artificial intelligence (AI) have become common. Parental acceptance of children’s storytelling robots, however, has received scant attention. To address this, we conducted a qualitative study with 18 parents using the research technique design fiction. Overall, parents held mixed, though generally positive, attitudes toward children’s storytelling robots. In their estimation, these robots would outperform screen-based technologies for children’s story time. However, the robots’ potential to adapt and to express emotion caused some parents to feel ambivalent about the robots, which might hinder their adoption. We found three predictors of parental acceptance of these robots: context of use, perceived agency, and perceived intelligence. Parents’ speculation revealed an uncanny valley of AI: a nonlinear relation between the human likeness of the artificial agent’s mind and affinity for the agent. Finally, we consider the implications of children’s storytelling robots, including how they could enhance equity in children’s access to education, and propose directions for research on their design to benefit family well-being.

scholarly journals Integrated jerk as an indicator of affinity for artificial agent kinematics: laptop and virtual reality experiments involving index finger motion during two-digit grasping

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9843
Author(s):  
James Hirose ◽  
Atsushi Nishikawa ◽  
Yosuke Horiba ◽  
Shigeru Inui ◽  
Todd C. Pataky
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Uncanny Valley ◽  
Artificial Agent ◽  
Hand Model ◽  
Minimum Jerk ◽  
Human Likeness ◽  
Finger Motion ◽  
Maximally Smooth

Uncanny valley research has shown that human likeness is an important consideration when designing artificial agents. It has separately been shown that artificial agents exhibiting human-like kinematics can elicit positive perceptual responses. However the kinematic characteristics underlying that perception have not been elucidated. This paper proposes kinematic jerk amplitude as a candidate metric for kinematic human likeness, and aims to determine whether a perceptual optimum exists over a range of jerk values. We created minimum-jerk two-digit grasp kinematics in a prosthetic hand model, then added different amplitudes of temporally smooth noise to yield a variety of animations involving different total jerk levels, ranging from maximally smooth to highly jerky. Subjects indicated their perceptual affinity for these animations by simultaneously viewing two different animations side-by-side, first using a laptop, then separately within a virtual reality (VR) environment. Results suggest that (a) subjects generally preferred smoother kinematics, (b) subjects exhibited a small preference for rougher-than minimum jerk kinematics in the laptop experiment, and that (c) the preference for rougher-than minimum-jerk kinematics was amplified in the VR experiment. These results suggest that non-maximally smooth kinematics may be perceptually optimal in robots and other artificial agents.

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