VALIDATION OF THE GEIGER-MULLER COUNTER MODEL OF BDMG-04-02 USING THE MONTE-CARLO TECHNIQUE

The model of the Geiger-Muller counter as the internal part of BDMG-04-02 detection unit in the calibration fa-cility UPGD-2 was developedin MCNP6.2. The different methods are used for the determination of the Geiger-Muller counter response. The F1 and F8 tally applicability is briefly described. BDMG-04-02 model was validated by comparative analysis of the calculated results and experimental values of the counter responses that obtained on the UPGD-2 calibration facility. Additionally, the absolute, geometric and intrinsic registration efficiency of BDMG-04-02 was determined. The paper has been emphasized the disadvantages of using the method of direct counting of the electrons on the surface of the Geiger-Muller counter (F1).

Hydration Patterns in Sodium Alginate Polymeric Matrix Tablets—The Result of Drug Substance Incorporation

The purpose was to show, using destructive/nondestructive methods, that the interplay between water, tablet structure, and composition determine the unique spatiotemporal hydration pattern of polymer-based matrices. The tablets containing a 1:1 w/w mixture of sodium alginate with salicylic acid (ALG/SA) or sodium salicylate (ALG/SNA) were studied using Karl Fischer titration, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray microtomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. As the principal results, matrix specific features were detected, e.g., “locking” of the internal part of the matrix (ALG/SA); existence of lamellar region associated with detection of free/freezing water (ALG/SA); existence of water penetrating the matrix forming specific region preceding infiltration layer (ALG/SNA); switch in the onset temperature of endothermic water peak associated with an increase in the fraction of non-freezing water weight per dry matrix weight in the infiltration layer (ALG/SNA). The existence of complicated spatiotemporal hydration patterns influenced by matrix composition and molecular properties of constituents has been demonstrated.

Test of Designing and Manufacturing a Polyether Ether Ketone Endoprosthesis for Canine Extremities by 3D Printing

Total limb amputation is quite common in small animals, although most of the indicated pathologies do not need such a restrictive procedure. Exo-endoprosthesis is a suggested alternative for the enhancement of the biomechanical situation of these patients. 3D printing of the internal part of exo-endoprostheses in polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is evaluated. Two different shapes of this internal part—one for radius’ and the other for cylindrical medullary cavities—were assessed. Proper PEEK temperature settings for 3D printing, the internal part of exo-endoprostheses, by fused filament fabrication (FFF) were obtained. Printing trials were carried out for different dimensions and printing orientation of these parts to achieve the best bone anchorage and thread strength outcomes. Pull-off strength tests for different surfaces of the internal part were performed with a best outcome for positive surfaces. All printed internal parts were inserted in canine tibiae and radii for an ex vivo assessment of bone anchorage and thread strength parameters. The best printing results were obtained at 410 and 130°C of the nozzle and bed temperatures, respectively. Also, a positive correlation was observed between the printing code, quality, and take-off time, while inverse correlation was shown between the take-off and the printing code, or quality, just like the print-bed temperature and the printing code. The positive surfaces had the best pull-off strength outcomes. Excellent bone anchorage and thread strength outcomes were obtained for one variant of each internal part shape. Designed devices had shown good threaded rod’s fitting inside the PEEK plug and perfect bone anchorage of the PEEK plug for tibiae and radii. In addition, iteration of manufacturing PEEK small devices by FFF technology has been shown due to small standard deviation of most variants.

Interface between FGH96 Superalloy and Refractory Slurry with Different Soaking Time

In this paper, the contact interface between FGH96 superalloy melts and refractory slurry with corundum powder and silica sol at 1600°C with different soaking time in 10-240 min range was investigated. The morphology and composition of the contact interface were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the reaction layer formed on the contact interface between the melting superalloy and the refractory slurry, and is mainly consist of Alumina and contains a small amount of other metal elements such as Ti and Cr. The reaction layer was not smooth on the micro level, and there was a peninsula-like structure protruding into the internal part of the melting superalloy on the reaction zone, and even started to fall off at some places to form islands. With the increase of soaking time, the reaction between melt of superalloy and refractory slurry increased gradually and the reaction layer began to combine with the refractory slurry substrate and form obvious interaction layered structure, resulting in the corrosion of refractory slurry substrate. With the soaking time over 120 min, the stable contact interface was destroyed. Thermodynamic calculation shows that the substitution reaction between Al in superalloy and SiO2 in refractory slurry meets the thermodynamic conditions, and the reaction can proceed forward.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Distinct Sector: A Study

The artificial intelligence (AI) plays a significant role in distinct fields to solve the complex problems. The digital technical field is increasing day by day in the world and it makes an internal part of our life. Hence, the knowledge of emerging technology is must for making our life easy. However, there are some major areas which are creating the problems to human such as agriculture field that comprises crop diseases, lack of storage management, pesticide control etc. These problems can be solved by artificial intelligence, IOT, machine learning and deep learning. Hence, the aim of this paper is to discuss the role of artificial intelligence to solve different issues of distinct sectors (medical, engineering, agriculture, business, defenses etc.) especially in medicine (COVID-19). Finally, future scope, challenges and application domain of artificial intelligence is also described.

Description of a new species of Glassella Campos & Wicksten, 1997 from a coastal lagoon, SE Gulf of California (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pinnotheridae)

A new a species of pinnotherid crab in the eastern Pacific coasts is presented. Twenty males and 21 females of small crabs were collected from burrows, presumably from ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea spp.), in sand-mud substrata from the Santa María-La Reforma coastal lagoon, SE Gulf of California. The new species was assigned to the genus Glassella because its morphological characteristics clearly match the amended diagnosis of the genus Glassella by Palacios Theil and Felder (2020) and Felder & Palacios Theil (2020), including the presence of a gonopodal plate (GP) inserted in the internal part of the male pleon, similar to that described for most of the species currently grouped into the genus Glassella. The new species is similar to G. miamiensis (McDermott, 2014) from western Atlantic, but it can be distinguished from this and the rest of the species of Glassella by differences in carapace margins and ridges, male pleon outline, and the shape of the GP.

NOAA/NCEI and University of Colorado candidate models for IGRF-13

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a set of parameters representing the large-scale internal part of Earth’s magnetic field. The 13th generation IGRF requested candidate models for a definitive main field for 2015.0, a provisional main field for 2020.0, and a predictive secular variation covering the period 2020.0–2025.0. The University of Colorado (CU) and the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), have produced these three candidate models for consideration in IGRF-13. In this paper, we present the methodology used to derive our candidate models. Our candidates were built primarily from Swarm satellite data, and also relied on geomagnetic indices derived from the ground observatory network. The ground observatories played a crucial role as independent data in validating our candidates. This paper also provides a retrospective assessment of the CU/NCEI candidate model to the previous IGRF (IGRF-12) and discusses the impact of differences between candidate and final IGRF models on global model errors.

Faint trace of a particle in a noisy Vaidman three-path interferometer

We study weak traces of particle passing Vaidman’s nested Mach–Zehnder interferometer. We investigate an effect of decoherence caused by an environment coupled to internal degree of freedom (a spin) of a travelling particle. We consider two models: pure decoherence leading to exact results and weak coupling Davies approximation allowing to include dissipative effects. We show that potentially anomalous discontinuity of particle paths survives an effect of decoherence unless it affects internal part of the nested interferometer.

Localization of the organic matter production and degradation in two different estuaries

Physical and chemical processes related to primary production of the estuaries of two rivers with different water regime are considered with special attention to their spatial and seasonal variability. Both production and degradation of the organic matter are quantitatively evaluated on the data of non-conservative variation of dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration in the process of the river water dilution. Contribution of recycling to the phosphorus balance and the estuarine waters productivity is estimated. The organic matter degradation prevailed in the internal part of both estuaries, but its production dominated in their external parts, with a tendency of production lowering and degradation strengthening from spring to autumn. Utilization of the re-mineralized phosphorus in the external estuaries increased their potential productivity by 20-50%, provided by the terrigenous flux with the river water.