VLSI Architecture for Spread Spectrum Image Watermarking Using Binary Watermark

This paper presents a new watermarking technique using hybrid image transforms that aims to be very robust against attacks. It also aims to reduce the amount of distortion created from embedding the watermark as much as possible, and have good capacity. The proposed system uses a hybrid watermarking technique that is based on Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform. In addition, the proposed system makes use of the fuzzy logic to automatically choose the strength of the embedded watermark. Furthermore, the system uses Spread Spectrum Code Division Multiple Access to embed and recover the watermark after transforming the image. To enhance recoverability of the watermarks, the system uses a high level of redundancy in the embedding process, which allows a powerful Error Correcting Code to be used in the recovery process. The fuzzy logic is used to help the system in producing watermarked images that reserve their quality and not be heavily altered after embedding the watermark. Experiments were performed to measure the quality of the proposed system using JPEG compression attacks. The results showed that the proposed system is robust and has good capacity and imperceptibly although it suffers from being computationally complex.

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On the Use of Error Correction Codes in Spread Spectrum Based Image Watermarking

Advances in Multimedia Information Processing — PCM 2001 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/3-540-45453-5_81 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 630-637

Author(s):

T. Brandão ◽

M. P. Queluz ◽

A. Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Error Correction ◽

Spread Spectrum ◽

Image Watermarking ◽

Error Correction Codes

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Watermarking Techniques for DRM Applications

Digital Rights Management for E-Commerce Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-118-6.ch004 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 71-100

Author(s):

Alessandro Piva ◽

Roberto Caldelli ◽

Alessia De Rosa ◽

Mauro Barni ◽

Vito Cappellini

Keyword(s):

Digital Watermarking ◽

Digital Image ◽

Spread Spectrum ◽

Image Watermarking ◽

Mathematical Formulation ◽

Multimedia Content ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Digital Image Watermarking ◽

Spread Spectrum Watermarking ◽

Watermarking Scheme

The need to safeguard the property rights of multimedia content from unauthorized copying and the possibility to determine the true owners of the asset can be faced by resorting to efficient digital watermarking systems. This chapter presents a mathematical formulation to define a digital watermarking system and describes the general requirements to be satisfied, with more emphasis given to the aspects of security, robustness, and imperceptibility. After this general discussion, the two main classes of digital watermarking schemes, namely the spread-spectrum watermarking and the side-informed watermarking are explained by highlighting their main advantages and drawbacks. This analysis is completed by the description of a practical implementation of a digital image watermarking scheme. Finally, the use of watermarking systems in the framework of a DRM is deeply analyzed.

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