Abstract
In this paper, we present hybrid watermarking and error control techniques for reliable cornea and infrared frame communication through wireless networks in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. In the proposed watermarking technique, two stages of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) watermarking are used. In the embedding stage, two watermark images are embedded in either the cornea or infrared frames using Block-based SVD (B-SVD) and SVD schemes, respectively. Then, the resulting watermarked cornea or infrared frames are transmitted through an erroneous wireless channel. At the receiver, the received corrupted cornea or infrared frames are recovered using a proposed hybrid post-processing error control technique. This technique comprises a Circular Spatial-scan Order Interpolation Algorithm (CSOIA) and a temporal Partitioning Motion Compensation Algorithm (PMCA) to reconstruct the erroneous cornea or infrared frames. Then, the Bayesian Kalman Filter (BKF) is utilized in the amelioration process due to its efficiency to smooth the remanent inherent corruptions in the formerly reconstructed frames to obtain high cornea or infrared video quality. After that, the watermark extraction stage is implemented to extract the watermark images from the watermarked frames. Simulation results on several cornea and infrared frames show that the suggested hybrid watermarking, and error control techniques reveal adequate subjective and objective video quality compared to those obtained with the traditional methods. In addition, the watermark detectability, robustness, and security are enhanced. Moreover, the experimental results show that the proposed watermarking technique is superior and more secure than the other previous techniques for embedding and extraction of watermarks, efficiently, in the presence of attacks.