Estimation of voice source and vocal tract parameters based on ARMA analysis and a model for the Glottal source waveform

Author(s):  
H. Fujisaki ◽  
M. Ljungqvist
Author(s):  
Filipa M. B. Lã ◽  
Brian P. Gill

Singing performance is highly competitive; thus, finding strategies to accelerate the acquisition of knowledge that results in an efficient and effective vocal technique is of the utmost importance. There are many ways in which a singer may acquire an efficient and effective vocal technique, which can be based on the physiological processes of voice production. This chapter explores these processes within the context of singing performance. The authors examine three major aspects of singing: 1) efficient control of breathing, such that optimal airflow and subglottal pressure are available as needed, for a given frequency and intensity; 2) maximized laryngeal coordination, so that the voice source signal contains all the necessary frequency components for the desired tone; and 3) the modulation of the source signal by subtle shaping of the vocal tract. The advantages and disadvantages of various pedagogical methods are discussed, including breath management, known as appoggio, and different resonant strategies. The authors advocate for a scientifically-grounded teaching method, which allows for physiological differences between individuals, genders, and voice classifications.


2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish K. Rami ◽  
Joseph Kalinowski ◽  
Michael P. Rastatter ◽  
Donald Holbert ◽  
Mark Allen

This study investigated use of choral reading with filtered components of speech and whispered speech on the frequency of stuttering. Three passages read by a normal adult male were lowpass filtered with kneepoint frequencies at 100 Hz (approximate glottal source), 500 Hz (source and first formant), and 1 kHz (source and the first two formants). Along with a whispered passage, a normal passage, and a control condition, these stimuli were used in a repeated-measures design with 12 adult stutterers as they read passages while listening to one of the stimuli. Frequencies of stuttering in each condition were analyzed. The choral speech, the 500-Hz, the 1-kHz, and the whispered speech conditions all decreased the frequency of stuttering while the 100-Hz stimuli did not. It is suggested that articulatory events, chiefly the encoded speech output from the vocal tract, create effective cues and may induce fluent speech in people who stutter.


Author(s):  
Christian T. Herbst ◽  
David M. Howard ◽  
Jan G. Švec

The voice instrument is composed of three basic sub-systems: the pulmonary apparatus, the laryngeal voice source, and the vocal tract for sound modification. In this chapter, the laryngeal sound generation is examined in closer detail, with a special focus on singing voice production. In particular, the relation between the quality of vocal fold vibration, the consistence of the glottal airflow, and the spectral composition of the resulting laryngeal sound output (before being filtered by the vocal tract) is discussed. Two basic physiological parameters for controlling these features are described: cartilaginous adduction (controlled along the dimension of “breathy” vs. “pressed” voice); and membranous medialization (influenced by the choice of singing voice register). It is shown that these two physiological parameters can be varied independently, and how they can be incorporated into a pedagogical model. Based on this model, a typical application from the singing studio is described. Finally, the range of sound qualities resulting from independent variation of cartilaginous adduction and membranous medialization is being commented on by five known voice pedagogues, in an attempt to unify the respective terminology in voice pedagogy.


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