Do Technology Progress and Service Differentiation Bring Efficiency and Social Welfare in the Process of Network Service Enterprise's Marketization: Experience from China Post

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Peng ◽  
Linyu Niu ◽  
Jianqiu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Service Differentiation ◽  
Network Service ◽  
China Post ◽  
Efficiency And Social Welfare

Can developing countries benefit from export promotion?

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangkang Yin ◽  
Xiangshuo Yin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency And Social Welfare

PurposeAlthough economic theory generally does not support government intervention in international trade, casual observation shows that many developing countries adopt certain trade policies to promote their exports. The objective of this paper is to answer the question that whether developing countries can benefit from export promotion.Design/methodology/approachThis paper considers a developing country which has to import new technology from the world market to improve its productivity. If it has certain economic rigidities, the country is short of foreign exchange and domestic firms cannot import an adequate amount of new technology. Even if there is no rigidity, domestic firms may not have sufficient incentive to invest in new technology. Therefore, the government can step in to subsidize exports. Through an analytical model, this paper investigates in what conditions the measures of export promotion can stimulate production and employment, and improve efficiency and social welfare.FindingsThis paper analyzes two effects of export promotion: raising the incentive of capital investment and reducing capital goods shortage caused by foreign exchange constraint. These effects might be the economic rationale for developing country governments to promote exports. It is found that export promotion can definitely raise employment and productivity, but whether these measures can stimulate the supply to the domestic market and improve domestic welfare depends on the sufficient and necessary condition given in the paper.Originality/valueEstablishes an analytical model to investigate in what conditions the measures of export promotion such as export subsidies and domestic currency devaluation can stimulate production and employment, and can improve efficiency and social welfare.

Economic Efficiency and Social Welfare.

1944 ◽  
Vol 54 (214) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
L. M. Fraser ◽  
A. L. Macfie
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency And Social Welfare

scholarly journals Re-Recognition of Ride-Sourcing Service: From the Perspective of Operational Efficiency and Social Welfare

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8198
Author(s):  
Zipeng Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
Service Mode ◽  
Social Surplus ◽  
Rate Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency And Social Welfare

With increasing availability of alternative mobility options for city transportation system, it is necessary to better understand how emerging mobility options are impacting the travel demand and consumer-social surplus. However, few study have been conducted to evaluate the social welfare effects of the range of vacant trips in ride-sourcing service modes. This paper identified the vacant trip and loading rate evaluation model under the ride-sourcing service mode to enhance the effective operation of the different mobility services under numerical illustrations. The solution can also offer some beneficial guidance and theoretical basis for ride-sourcing systems in regard to planning and management aspects.

On Designing a Socially Optimal Expedited Service and Its Impact on Individual Welfare

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Roet-Green ◽  
Aditya Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Service Differentiation ◽  
Problem Definition ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Fixed Quantity ◽  
To Come

Problem definition: We consider the problem faced by a welfare-maximizing service provider who must make a decision on how to split a fixed quantity of resources between two variants of the service: a standard variant and an expedited variant. The service is mandatory, but customers can choose between the two variants. Choosing the expedited variant requires enrollment that incurs a fixed cost per period. Customers are strategic and have the same cost of waiting but are heterogeneous in the rate at which they use the service. Academic/practical relevance: The option of expedited security at U.S. airports (TSA PreCheck) is an instance where this problem arises. As has been the case with the PreCheck program, providers that offer expedited service may face criticism from customers, with the main concern being that the diversion of resources to expedited services increases wait time for regular customers. This has important policy implications for the provider, especially a government organization such as the TSA. Existing literature has focused on service differentiation as a means to maximize profit or overall social welfare, but its effect on individual customers has received little attention. Methodology: We find customer’s equilibrium decisions for any allocation choice made by the provider. Using the equilibrium result, we solve for the allocation choice that maximizes social welfare. Results: Even when customers behave strategically, an expedited service offered in parallel to a standard service cannot only increase overall welfare, but also do so for each customer individually. We also find that in a scenario where some customers lose out because of the expedited service, improving the efficiency of the expedited service is more effective than decreasing the enrollment cost to help those who are worse off. Managerial implications: The gains from offering expedited service do not have to come at the expense of regular customers. When they do, we provide recommendations for which decision levers are most effective at making the system fair.

scholarly journals Is Ride-sourcing Service Really Sustainable : Operational Efficiency and Social Welfare Analysis Through an Equilibrium Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
zipeng zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
The Social ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
Social Surplus ◽  
Rate Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency And Social Welfare

With increasing availability of alternative mobility options for city transportation system, it is necessary to better understand how emerging mobility are impacting the travel demand and consumer-social surplus. However, few study has been conducted to evaluate the social welfare effects of the range of vacant trip in mobility oriented development(MOD) mode. This paper identified the vacant trip and loading rate evaluation model under mobility oriented development mode. recommended solutions to enhance the effective operation of the different mobility services under numerical illustrations, which can offer some beneficial guidance and theoretic basis to the efficiency of MOD in planning and management aspects.

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