Configuration Analysis of European Navigational Aids Network

Traffic separation schemes and other routing measures have now been established in the coastal waters of many countries and new schemes are being introduced each year. Traffic separation was originally intended to reduce the risk of collision between ships proceeding in opposite directions but this paper explains how routing measures are now being used mainly for coastal protection. Improvements in navigational aids may lead to more extensive routing schemes in the future with increasing restriction on the movement of shipping.The first traffic separation schemes adopted by IMCO (now IMO) in 1965 and 1968 were based on proposals made by the Institutes of Navigation of France, the Federal German Republic and the United Kingdom. In the report submitted to the Organisation by the Institutes in 1964 it was stated that ‘the object of any form of routing is to ease the congestion and lessen the likelihood of end-on encounters by separating opposing streams of traffic …’.

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Automated Determination of the Position of Ships by Satellites

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463300024528 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 20 (03) ◽

pp. 281-285

Author(s):

H. C. Freiesleben

Keyword(s):

Celestial Body ◽

World Wide ◽

Artificial Satellites ◽

Radio Waves ◽

The Moon ◽

Position Determination ◽

The Earth ◽

Navigational Aids ◽

Automated Determination

It has recently been suggested that 24-hour satellites might be used as navigational aids. To what category of position determination aids should these be assigned ? Is a satellite of this kind as it were a landmark, because, at least in theory, it remains fixed over the same point on the Earth's surface, in which case it should be classified under land-based navigation aids ? Is it a celestial body, although only one tenth as far from the Earth as the Moon ? If so, it is an astronomical navigation aid. Or is it a radio aid ? After all, its use for position determination depends on radio waves. In this paper I shall favour this last view. For automation is most feasible when an object of observation can be manipulated. This is easiest with radio aids, but it is, of course, impossible with natural stars.At present artificial satellites have the advantage over all other radio aids of world-wide coverage.

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Omega in the Land Environment

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463300000588 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 322-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew Stratton

Keyword(s):

Potential User ◽

Land Vehicles ◽

Wide Range ◽

Navigational Aids ◽

The Military ◽

Significant Application

Omega is one of a wide range of navigational aids that have been developed and are in everyday use by ships and aircraft. By contrast, outside the military field as yet there has been no significant application of these aids to mobile land vehicles. The reason has been a mismatch between the perceived accuracy requirements of the potential user, what he is prepared to pay, and what technology could provide.

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Light induced seabird mortality on vessels operating in the Southern Ocean: incidents and mitigation measures

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102005002439 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 67-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

ANDY BLACK

Keyword(s):

Southern Ocean ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Fishing Gear ◽

Artificial Light ◽

Antarctic Marine ◽

Management Plans ◽

Navigational Aids ◽

Few Data ◽

Southern Oceans

It is recognized that birds become disorientated at night in the presence of artificial light (Bruderer et al. 1999). Bird strikes on vessels operating in the southern oceans have long been known (Ryan 1991), but few data have been published concerning these events. In the Southern Ocean the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) stipulates that, during fishing operations, deck lighting should be kept to a minimum and be directed inboard and downward (CCAMLR 2003, measures 25-02 and 25-03). However, these measures are designed to keep birds away from fishing gear rather than prevent bird strikes. The problem of bird strikes has been recognized by several territories within the southern oceans and policies to reduce the risk of them occurring are included in several management plans (Ryan & Glass 2001, policy 5.14 and Meere 2002, section 28:1f–1g). These do not, however, address the issue of ice-lights (powerful searchlights used to discern floating ice that might go undetected by radar), which are regarded as essential navigational aids.

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