Prediction of the optimum instrument calibration interval using grey-based second-degree polynomial model

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Huang Lin ◽  
Bin-Da Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Model ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Instrument Calibration ◽  
Calibration Interval ◽  
Second Degree

The Application of AFAL Methodology in Substantiation of Instrument Calibration Intervals Extension in Nuclear Power Plant

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Xiajun Xu ◽  
Caiqing Tu
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Tolerance Interval ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Instrument Calibration ◽  
Interval Extension ◽  
Calibration Interval

This is an Introduction about the AFAL methodology of study the instrument drift characteristics, and the application of AFAL in substantiation of instrument calibration interval extension in nuclear power plant. AFAL methodology main aspects include collecting historical instrument calibration data of nuclear power plant, calculating statistics values such as: sample number, mean, median, standard deviation, then work out the drift tolerance interval of the instrument. Based on analysis of these statistical calculated values, will understand the instrument drift performance. This article also discusses technical issues associated with the application of AFAL and how to solve them, such as: grouping instrument, sample sizes, outliers detecting and processing, high-confidence deduction etc. Through the study of the instrument drift characteristics, evaluate the performance of instrument, determine the calibration interval can prolong properly. The application practices of AFAL methodology show, extending instrument calibration interval can support nuclear power plant to achieve the goal of prolonging the fuel cycle, under the nuclear safety precondition. The nuclear power plant can improve the capacity factor of the unit and economic performance.

scholarly journals Moisture-induced changes of mass and dimension characteristics in some cereal grains

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Blahovec ◽  
Magdalena Lahodová
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Distribution ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Special Respect ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Second Degree

Abstract The seeds of barley, oat, rye, and two varieties of wheat were studied during wetting thereof with special respect to changes in their mass and dimensions. Two levels of wetting were used: 6-h wetting close to the end of imbibition, and 24-h wetting close to the start of germination. The results of these experiments show that the measured quantities can be well described by the Gaussian distribution. Gaussian distribution is applied for description of the wetting effects that can be well approximated also by a second-degree polynomial of the initial state. Even though an increase in the mass, length, width, and thickness was the main effect of wetting, opposite trends in some dimensionally dependent cases were also observed. Drying of the wetted specimens led to a state that differed only slightly (less than 1%) from the initial state. Among the dimensional characteristics, the highest changes were observed in the grain length.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Mathematical Model for Digital Image Enhancement

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Hassem Geha ◽  
Ibrahim Nasseh ◽  
Marcel Noujeim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Polynomial Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digital Image Enhancement ◽  
Factor Interaction ◽  
Three Factor

Objective : The purpose of this study is to compare the detected number of holes on a stepwedge on images resulting from the application of the 5th degree polynomial model compared to the images resulting from the application of linear enhancement. Material and Methods : A 10-step aluminum step wedge with holes randomly drilled on each step was exposed with three different kVp and five exposure times per kVp on a Schick33® sensor. The images were enhanced by brightness/contrast adjustment, histogram equalization and with the 5th degree polynomial model and compared to the original non-enhanced images by six observers in two separate readings. Results : There was no significant difference between the readers and between the first and second reading. There was a significant three-factor interaction among Method, Exposure time, and kVp in detecting holes. The overall pattern was: “Poly” results in the highest counts, “Original” in the lowest counts, with “B/C” and “Equalized” intermediate. Conclusion : The 5th degree polynomial model showed more holes when compared to the other modalities.

Nonlinear analysis of VCO jitter generation using Volterra series

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-771
Author(s):  
Hadi Dehbovid ◽  
Habib Adarang ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Volterra Series ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Model ◽  
Oscillator Phase Noise ◽  
Oscillator Phase ◽  
Second Degree

PurposeCharge pump phase locked loops (CPPLLs) are nonlinear systems as a result of the nonlinear behavior of voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO). This paper aims to specify jitter generation of voltage controlled oscillator phase noise in CPPLLs, by considering approximated practical model for VCO. Design/methodology/approachCPPLL, in practice, shows nonlinear behavior, and usually in LC-VCOs, it follows second-degree polynomial function behavior. Therefore, the nonlinear differential equation of the system is obtained which shows the CPPLLs are a nonlinear system with memory, and that Volterra series expansion is useful for such systems. FindingsIn this paper, by considering approximated practical model for VCO, jitter generation of voltage controlled oscillator phase noise in CPPLLs is specified. Behavioral simulation is used to validate the analytical results. The results show a suitable agreement between analytical equations and simulation results. Originality/valueThe proposed method in this paper has two advantages over the conventional design and analysis methods. First, in contrast to an ideal CPPLL, in which the characteristic of the VCO’s output frequency based on the control voltage is linear, in the present paper, a nonlinear behavior was considered for this characteristic in accordance with the real situations. Besides, regarding the simulations in this paper, a behavior similar to the second-degree polynomial was considered, which caused the dependence of the produced jitter’s characteristic corner frequency on the jitter’s amplitude. Second, some new nonlinear differential equations were proposed for the system, which ensured the calculation of the produced jitter of the VCO phase noise in CPPLLs. The presented method is general enough to be used for designing the CPPLL.

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