Neuropsychological assessment involves compiling information about a person’s premorbid or current behaviour and using it to make inferences about his or her brain functioning or to predict behavior. Today, neuropsychological assessment is focused on identifying cognitive deficits associated with different disorders; changes over time; efficacy of treatment; and patient strengths and weaknesses. It is also used to predict functioning, guide rehabilitation planning, and supplement forensic/legal evaluations. Key elements of neuropsychological assessments described in the chapter include history taking; behavioral observations; the testing situation; selection, administration, and scoring of tests; and test standardization and norms. Descriptions of fixed, flexible, and “flexible battery” approaches to testing are provided, as are descriptions of quantitative (norm) and qualitative (process) approaches. Several norming approaches of particular interest to neuropsychological assessment (i.e., continuous norming, equivalent scores, overlapping cell tables) are noted. An overview is provided of a number of commonly assessed areas of neuropsychological functioning.