This paper presents particle-in-cell simulation of the reflex triode with radially diverging magnetized electron beam. Dynamics of the electron beam and generation characteristics of the reflex triode are studied in the work. It is shown that two virtual cathodes are formed in it. It was calculated that the peak power of the microwave radiation reaches P=19 MW at the beam current I0=5 kA and potential of the cathode Uc=‒100 kV. There is a peak in the microwave radiation spectrum at the frequency ν = 5.2 GHz.
We show theoretically and by simulations how coherent transition radiation from tilted surfaces can be used for characterization of attosecond free-electron pulses such as used for pump-probe electron microscopy and diffraction. The tilted geometries eliminate velocity-mismatch and beam-diameter effects, providing sensitivity to attosecond times even for almost arbitrarily large beam diameters.
Submacropulse electron-beam dynamics correlated with higher-order modes in Tesla-type superconducting rf cavities
