ENTERPRISE’S FINANCIAL SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The financial system of Ukraine as a country with a small open economy is especially affected by global turbulence. A significant imbalance of global financial resources, their significant gap from the real sector of the economy leads to the formation of permanent financial crises, which gives rise to internal instability of the financial sector of the economy, lack of confidence in the banking system and a decrease in demand for final products, which entails a decrease in the level of financial security of enterprises. In such conditions, ensuring the financial security of enterprises becomes important not only for the formation of financial security of the state, but also for protecting the financial interests of their owners, and other stakeholders – managers, employees, counterparties, banks and other financial institutions.

Internal Instability in Soils: A Critical Review of the Fundamentals and Ramifications

Seepage-induced fine-particle migration that leads to a change in the conductivity of a soil matrix is referred to as internal instability. This could jeopardize the structural integrity of the soil matrix by initiating suffusion (or suffosion), a form of internal erosion. Susceptibility to suffusion has been studied mostly under extreme laboratory conditions to develop empirical design criteria, which are typically based on the particle size distribution. The physics governing the process have not been comprehensively uncovered in the classical studies because of experimental limitations. Mainstream evaluation methods often over-idealize the suffusion process, holding a probabilistic perspective for estimating constriction sizes and fines migration. Prospective studies on constitutive modeling techniques and modern computational techniques have allowed a more representative evaluation and deeper insight into the problem. Recent advances in sensing technologies, visualization, and tracking techniques have equally enriched the quality of the data on suffusion. This paper sets out to present the long-standing knowledge on the internal instability phenomenon in soils. An attempt is made to pinpoint ambiguities and underscore research gaps. The classical empirical studies and modern visualizing techniques are integrated with particle-based numerical simulations to strengthen the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon.

Unsteady cavities near the hydrofoil with a small aspect ratio

Using digital processing of high-speed visualization data on a cavitation flow near NACA hydrofoil with critically low aspect ratio, the frequencies of the formation and separation of cavities in the flow are identified. It is shown that in the case of development of cloud cavitation the main dimensionless frequency varies within 0.4, which corresponds to the type of internal instability. The Strouhal number corresponds to the frequency of attached cavity occurrence and varies in range from 0.6 to 0.8. The Strouhal numbers calculated in third mode exceed 1. This mode corresponds to the forming of very small cavities near the leading edge of hydrofoil.

Military-Technical Cooperation of South-East Asian States with the United States and EU Countries (2011–2020)

The article aims to identify the key trends and main areas of development of arms trade and military-technical cooperation between South-East Asian countries and the United States and European Union countries over the past decade (2011–2020). In addition to the direct procurement of weapons and military equipment (with a detailed list of purchased systems for each of the South-East Asian countries), the supply of subsystems and components, the licensed production and other forms of military-technical cooperation are also considered. The growth of military expenditures and arms procurement of the South-East Asian countries over the past decade is analyzed in terms of influence of such drivers as internal instability, the China-US confrontation in the Pacific region and the unresolved disputes between the countries in the South China Sea, the modernization of the armed forces and national defense industries in SouthEast Asia. On this basis, conclusions are made about the prospects for development of military-technical cooperation and arms procurement in the region, as well as how the changes taking place in this sphere affect Russia’s military-technical cooperation with South-East Asian countries.

Evaluation of the internal stability of well-graded silty sand through the long-term seepage test

Suffusion is the phenomenon responsible for internal erosion, and is the process by which finer soil particles are moved through the constrictions between the larger soil particles by seepage forces. Generally, gap-graded soil is known to be susceptible to suffusion. Meanwhile, suffusion of well-graded silty sand and the resulting soil behavior are not well understood. Moreover, the previous researches on laboratory suffusion tests focused on the study of the critical hydraulic gradient, which triggers the internal instability of the soils within a short period of time. Therefore, in this study, long-term suffusion tests were conducted on well-graded silty sand under a hydraulic gradient lower than the critical value. As a result, abrupt increases in permeability and amount of soil discharged were observed due to the progressive migration of the soil particles, resulting in suffusion even at a relatively low hydraulic gradient.

Diversification and Integration as a Form of Providing Strategic Orientations of Enterprise Management

The article discusses the main views on understanding the strategy; levels of strategic enterprise management; the main types of strategies that can be implemented in the enterprise; classification of types of strategies. The author clarifies the interpretation of the essence of the concepts “goal”, “landmark” and “development”. The paper substantiates that the main (target) guideline of enterprise development management is to ensure its viability. Achieving this benchmark requires the implementation of a number of basic and specific benchmarks, which, together with the target, will constitute a system of strategic benchmarks. The essence of the concept of “diversification” is clarified; the motives, factors of the internal environment of the enterprise, which should be taken into account when choosing a diversification strategy are investigated; various classifications of diversification types are considered. Diversification is closely related to integration. The essence of the concept of “integration” is clarified, its forms, types, classifications, depending on certain characteristics are investigated. The place and role of diversification and integration in the strategic management of an enterprise, the criteria for the expediency of choosing and implementing a strategy are considered. It is concluded that diversification and integration are the most important tools for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises, increasing their viability and competitiveness, improving the financial condition and investment attractiveness. The purpose of the article is to expand the theoretical and methodological foundations of diversification and integration as forms of providing strategic guidelines for enterprise development management. The article determines that the strengthening of external and internal instability of the functioning of enterprises imposes new requirements on the choice and substantiation of the strategy and forms of providing strategic guidelines for managing the development of enterprises capable of ensuring viability and sustainable development.