A significant growth in PV (photovoltaic) system installations have been observed during the last decade. The PV array has a nonlinear output characteristic because of weather intermittency. Partial shading is an environmental phenomenon that causes multiple peaks in the power curve and has a negative effect on the efficiency of the conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods. This tends to have a substantial effect on the overall performance of the PV system. Therefore, to enhance the performance of the PV system under shading conditions, the global MPPT technique is mandatory to force the PV system to operate close to the global maximum. In this paper, for the first time, a stochastic fractal search (SFS) optimization algorithm is applied to solve the dilemma of tracking the global power of PV system based triple-junction solar cells under shading conditions. SFS has been nominated because it can converge to the best solution at a fast rate. Moreover, balance between exploration and exploitation phases is one of its main advantages. Therefore, the SFS algorithm has been selected to extract the global maximum power point (MPP) under partial shading conditions. To prove the superiority of the proposed global MPPT–SFS based tracker, several shading scenarios have been considered. The idea of changing the shading scenario is to change the position of the global MPP. The obtained results are compared with common optimizers: Antlion Optimizer (ALO), Cuckoo Search (CS), Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), Firefly-Algorithm (FA), Invasive-Weed-Optimization (IWO), JAYA and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The results of comparison confirmed the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed global MPPT–SFS based tracker over ALO, CS, FPA, FA, IWO, JAYA, and GSA.
A New Technique for Tracking the Global Maximum Power Point of PV Arrays Operating Under Partial-Shading Conditions
