The Behavior of Infrared Detection Elements under Nuclear Radiation Exposure

With the development of science and technology, the opportunities for military forces and general citizens to be exposed to a radioactive environment have greatly increased. It is urgent to establish a mature nuclear, biological and chemical protection system, of which nuclear radiation protective clothing is a vital part. Radiation protective clothing is clothing that ensures the protection of people in a radioactive environment by reducing the radiation exposure dose. Owing to the advances in material science, it is possible to develop radiation protective clothing with better performance. In this review, we focus on X-ray, γ-ray and thermal neutron shielding and elaborate on the following 3 aspects by citing a variety of examples: methods for measuring the shielding performance of radiation protective clothing, radiation protective clothing materials and the prospects and existing problems. In addition, a number of commercial nuclear radiation protective clothing is introduced, and their evaluation is expounded to explain the problems.

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Autophagy confers DNA damage repair pathways to protect the hematopoietic system from nuclear radiation injury

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep12362 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Weiwei Lin ◽

Na Yuan ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Yan Cao ◽

Yixuan Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Radiation Injury ◽

Dna Damage Repair ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Hematopoietic System ◽

Damage Repair ◽

Repair Pathways

Abstract Autophagy is essentially a metabolic process, but its in vivo role in nuclear radioprotection remains unexplored. We observed that ex vivo autophagy activation reversed the proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and DNA damage in irradiated hematopoietic cells. In vivo autophagy activation improved bone marrow cellularity following nuclear radiation exposure. In contrast, defective autophagy in the hematopoietic conditional mouse model worsened the hematopoietic injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and DNA damage caused by nuclear radiation exposure. Strikingly, in vivo defective autophagy caused an absence or reduction in regulatory proteins critical to both homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair pathways, as well as a failure to induce these proteins in response to nuclear radiation. In contrast, in vivo autophagy activation increased most of these proteins in hematopoietic cells. DNA damage assays confirmed the role of in vivo autophagy in the resolution of double-stranded DNA breaks in total bone marrow cells as well as bone marrow stem and progenitor cells upon whole body irradiation. Hence, autophagy protects the hematopoietic system against nuclear radiation injury by conferring and intensifying the HR and NHEJ DNA damage repair pathways and by removing ROS and inhibiting apoptosis.

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Measuring of Ionizing Radiation and CO2 Gas Concentration in Air of the Falluja City in Iraq

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2114/1/012027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2114 (1) ◽

pp. 012027

Author(s):

N A Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Data Visualization ◽

Google Earth ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

Visualization Method ◽

Co2 Gas ◽

Gas Concentration

Abstract In this work, large nuclear radiation and CO2 readings have been achieved in Falluja city; hundreds of measurements have been collected in many places and streets. The vast data was processed by a new data visualization method, which makes all the data appear on the map using Google Earth Pro software. The lowest average exposure of ionizing radiation in the air is 1.314mSv/y for the first part of Falluja sector1, while the highest one is 1.5768mSv/y in sector2. The average radiation exposure in the air for people in Falluja city is 0.9732 mSv/y.

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Life and Nuclear Radiation: Chernobyl and Fukushima in Perspective

European Journal of Risk Regulation ◽

10.1017/s1867299x00001380 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 373-375

Author(s):

Wade Allison

Keyword(s):

Radiation Exposure ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Nuclear Radiation ◽

The Media

An increased use of nuclear power is now accepted as inevitable by many people, but not without some unease, and the accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima as described in the media bring little reassurance. So how dangerous is radiation exposure, for instance to those living within the influence of such accidents?

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The effect of back-melting on the continuity of crystallographic orientation and composition in HgZnTe

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100133114 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1696-1697

Author(s):

H.J. Zuo ◽

M.W. Price ◽

R.D. Griffin ◽

R.A. Andrews ◽

G.M. Janowski

Keyword(s):

Directional Solidification ◽

Space Shuttle ◽

Solidification Process ◽

Space Experiment ◽

Infrared Detection ◽

Directionally Solidified ◽

Crystallographic Defects ◽

Semiconducting Alloys ◽

Uniform Composition ◽

Growth Experiments

The II-VI semiconducting alloys, such as mercury zinc telluride (MZT), have become the materials of choice for numerous infrared detection applications. However, compositional inhomogeneities and crystallographic imperfections adversly affect the performance of MZT infrared detectors. One source of imperfections in MZT is gravity-induced convection during directional solidification. Crystal growth experiments conducted in space should minimize gravity-induced convection and thereby the density of related crystallographic defects. The limited amount of time available during Space Shuttle experiments and the need for a sample of uniform composition requires the elimination of the initial composition transient which occurs in directionally solidified alloys. One method of eluding this initial transient involves directionally solidifying a portion of the sample and then quenching the remainder prior to the space experiment. During the space experiment, the MZT sample is back-melted to exactly the point at which directional solidification was stopped on earth. The directional solidification process then continues.

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