Whole simulation of storm surge for Pearl River estuary

A coastal inundation simulation system was developed for the coast of the Pearl River estuary (PRE), which consists of an assimilation typhoon model and the coupled ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation) + SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) model. The assimilation typhoon model consists of the Holland model and the analysis products of satellite images. This is the first time an assimilation typhoon model has been implemented and tested for coastal inundation via case studies. The simulation results of the system agree well with the real measurements. Three observed typhoon paths (Hope, Nida, and Hato) were chosen to be the studied paths based on their positions relative to the PRE, China. By comparing the results of experiments with different forcing fields, we determined that the storm surge and the coastal inundation were mainly induced by wind forcing. By simulating coastal inundation for different typhoon center speeds, the Hato3 path most easily causes coastal inundation in the PRE. Moreover, the moving speed of the typhoon’s center significantly affects the coastal inundation in the PRE. The inundation becomes very serious as the movement of the typhoon center was slow down. This study provides a new reference for future predictions of coastal inundations.

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Reconstruction of the track and a simulation of the storm surge associated with the calamitous typhoon affecting the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-16-51-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 51-64

Author(s):

Hing Yim Mok ◽

Wing Hong Lui ◽

Dick Shum Lau ◽

Wang Chun Woo

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

South China Sea ◽

Storm Surge ◽

South China ◽

River Estuary ◽

Pearl River Estuary ◽

The South China Sea ◽

Pearl River ◽

The Pearl River Estuary ◽

The Pearl River

Abstract. A typhoon struck the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874 (“Typhoon 1874”), causing extensive damage and claiming thousands of lives in the region during its passage. Like many other historical typhoons, the deadliest impact of the typhoon was its associated storm surge. In this paper, a possible track of the typhoon was reconstructed through an analysis of the historical qualitative and quantitative weather observations in the Philippines, the northern part of the South China Sea, Hong Kong, Macao, and Guangdong recorded in various historical documents. The magnitudes of the associated storm surges and storm tides in Hong Kong and Macao were also quantitatively estimated using storm surge model and analogue astronomical tides based on the reconstructed track. The results indicated that the typhoon could have crossed the Luzon Strait from the western North Pacific and moved across the northeastern part of the South China Sea to strike the Pearl River Estuary more or less as a super typhoon in the early morning on 23 September 1874. The typhoon passed about 60 km south–southwest of Hong Kong and made landfall in Macao, bringing maximum storm tides of around 4.9 m above the Hong Kong Chart Datum (http://www.geodetic.gov.hk/smo/gsi/Data/pdf/explanatorynotes.pdf, last access: 3 January 2020) at the Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and around 5.4 m above the Macao Chart Datum (https://mosref.dscc.gov.mo/Help/ref/Macaucoord_2009_web_EN_v201702.pdf, last access: 3 January 2020) at Porto Interior (inner harbour) in Macao. Both the maximum storm tide (4.88 m above the Hong Kong Chart Datum) and maximum storm surge (2.83 m) brought by Typhoon 1874 at the Victoria Harbour estimated in this study are higher than all the existing records since the establishment of the Hong Kong Observatory in 1883, including the recent records set by super typhoon Mangkhut on 16 September 2018.

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Numerical simulation of saltwater intrusion and storm surge effects of reclamation in Pearl River Estuary, China

Applied Ocean Research ◽

10.1016/j.apor.2018.07.013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 101-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yongming Shen ◽

Han Jia ◽

Changping Li ◽

Jun Tang

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Storm Surge ◽

Saltwater Intrusion ◽

River Estuary ◽

Pearl River Estuary ◽

Pearl River

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Effects of Wave–Current Interaction on Storm Surge in the Pearl River Estuary: A Case Study of Super Typhoon Mangkhut

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.692359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Zhifa Luo ◽

Bensheng Huang ◽

Xiaohong Chen ◽

Chao Tan ◽

Jing Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storm Surge ◽

Current Model ◽

Spring Tide ◽

River Estuary ◽

Pearl River Estuary ◽

Pearl River ◽

Wave Setup ◽

The Pearl River Estuary ◽

Super Typhoon ◽

The Pearl River

This study explored the effects of interactions between waves and current on storm surge in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) using a fully coupled wave–current model. The model was validated based on in situ observations during the traverse of super typhoon Mangkhut. The results indicated that the model could reproduce the storm surge and wave setup processes. Numerical experiments showed that simulations of storm surge are minimally affected by wave setup. The wave setup during super typhoon Mangkhut reached up to 0.23 m and contributed to the total near shore storm surge by up to 8%. The simulations of the coupled model showed a better correlation with observations compared to those of an uncoupled model. The storm surge increased with transport upstream in a tidal-dominated outlet, whereas it decreased in a river-dominated outlet. The storm surge and wave setup increased and decreased, respectively, during spring tide as compared to that during a neap tide. The storm surge increased with increasing runoff in the upper river reaches, whereas there was little change in the tidal-dominated lower river reaches. This research emphasizes the importance of integrating the effects of multiple dynamic factors in the forecasting of storm surge and provides a reference for similar studies in other estuaries with multiple outlets and a complex river network.

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Reconstruction of track and simulation of storm surge associated with the calamitous typhoon affecting the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874

10.5194/cp-2019-36 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hing Yim Mok ◽

Wing Hong Lui ◽

Dick Shum Lau ◽

Wang Chun Woo

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

South China Sea ◽

Storm Surge ◽

South China ◽

River Estuary ◽

Pearl River Estuary ◽

The South China Sea ◽

Pearl River ◽

The Pearl River Estuary ◽

The Pearl River

Abstract. A typhoon struck the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874 (the Typhoon 1874), causing extensive damages and claiming thousands of lives in the region during its passage. Like many other historical typhoons, the deadliest impact of the typhoon was its associated storm surge. In this paper, a possible track of the typhoon was reconstructed by analysis of the historical qualitative and quantitative weather observations in the Philippines, the northern part of the South China Sea, Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong recorded in various historical documents. The magnitudes of the associated storm surges and storm tides in Hong Kong and Macao were also quantitatively estimated using storm surge model and analogue astronomical tides based on the reconstructed track. The results indicated that the typhoon could have crossed the Luzon Strait from the western North Pacific and moved across the northeastern part of the South China Sea to strike the Pearl River Estuary more or less as a super typhoon in the early morning on 23 September 1874. The typhoon passed about 60 km south-southwest of Hong Kong and made landfall in Macao, bringing maximum storm tides of around 4.9 m above the Hong Kong Chart Datum at the Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and around 5.4 m above the Macao Chart Datum at Porto Interior (inner harbour) in Macao. Both the maximum storm tide (4.88 m above Hong Kong Chart Datum) and maximum storm surge (2.83 m) brought by Typhoon 1874 at the Victoria Harbour estimated in this study are higher than all the existing records since the establishment of the Hong Kong Observatory in 1883, including the recent records set by super typhoon Mangkhut on 16 September 2018.

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